2024-01-17
definition
IAO:0000233
external
term_tracker_item
true
true
term_tracker_item
term tracker item
IAO:0000700
external
has_ontology_root_term
true
true
has_ontology_root_term
has ontology root term
term replaced by
Rhea list of ChEBI terms representing the major species at pH 7.3.
Term not to be used for direct annotation
Term not to be used for direct manual annotation
AGR slim
Aspergillus GO slim
Candida GO slim
ChEMBL protein targets summary
Drosophila GO slim
FlyBase Drosophila GO ribbon slim
Generic GO slim
Metagenomics GO slim
Mouse GO slim
PIR GO slim
Plant GO slim
Fission yeast GO slim
GO subset for prokaryotes
synapse GO slim
Yeast GO slim
label approved by the SynGO project
Systematic synonym
subset_property
synonym_type_property
consider
has_alternative_id
has_broad_synonym
database_cross_reference
has_exact_synonym
has_narrow_synonym
has_obo_format_version
has_obo_namespace
has_related_synonym
has_scope
has_synonym_type
in_subset
shorthand
BFO:0000050
external
part_of
part_of
part of
BFO:0000051
external
has_part
has_part
has part
BFO:0000066
external
occurs_in
occurs_in
occurs in
RO:0002091
external
starts_during
starts_during
starts during
RO:0002092
external
happens_during
happens_during
happens during
RO:0002093
external
ends_during
ends_during
ends during
RO:0002211
external
regulates
regulates
regulates
RO:0002212
external
negatively_regulates
negatively_regulates
negatively regulates
RO:0002213
external
positively_regulates
positively_regulates
positively regulates
The production of new individuals that contain some portion of genetic material inherited from one or more parent organisms.
GO:0019952
GO:0050876
Wikipedia:Reproduction
reproductive physiological process
biological_process
GO:0000003
reproduction
The production of new individuals that contain some portion of genetic material inherited from one or more parent organisms.
GOC:go_curators
GOC:isa_complete
GOC:jl
ISBN:0198506732
Binding to a SNARE (soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attached protein receptor) protein.
Reactome:R-HSA-210426
Reactome:R-HSA-210430
Reactome:R-HSA-265166
Reactome:R-HSA-372505
Reactome:R-HSA-372529
Reactome:R-HSA-374899
Reactome:R-HSA-374922
Reactome:R-HSA-376357
Reactome:R-HSA-376364
Reactome:R-HSA-376369
Reactome:R-HSA-380574
Reactome:R-HSA-380869
Reactome:R-HSA-380901
Reactome:R-HSA-380905
Reactome:R-HSA-888589
Reactome:R-HSA-9023173
Reactome:R-HSA-917744
SNAP receptor binding
molecular_function
GO:0000149
SNARE binding
Reactome:R-HSA-372505
Acetylcholine synaptic vesicle docking and priming
Reactome:R-HSA-372529
Release of acetylcholine at the synapse
Reactome:R-HSA-374899
Release of noradrenaline at the synapse
Reactome:R-HSA-374922
Noradrenalin synaptic vesicle docking and priming
Reactome:R-HSA-376357
Vamp7 associated Lysosome to Plasma membrane transport
Reactome:R-HSA-376364
Vamp8 associated secretory vesicle to plasma membrane transport
Reactome:R-HSA-376369
Vamp2 associated secretory vesicle to plasma membrane transport
Reactome:R-HSA-380574
Dopamine synaptic vesicle docking and priming
Reactome:R-HSA-380869
Release of docked dopamine loaded synaptic vesicle
Reactome:R-HSA-380901
Release of docked serotonin loaded synaptic vesicle
Reactome:R-HSA-380905
Serotonin loaded synaptic vesicle docking and priming
Reactome:R-HSA-888589
Release of GABA at the synapse
Reactome:R-HSA-9023173
Insulin secretory granule docks at the plasma membrane
Reactome:R-HSA-917744
GABA loaded synaptic vesicle Docking and Priming
Binding to a SNARE (soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attached protein receptor) protein.
PMID:12642621
Reactome:R-HSA-210426
Glutamate synaptic vesicle docking and priming
Reactome:R-HSA-210430
Release of L-Glutamate at the synapse
Reactome:R-HSA-265166
Exocytosis of Insulin
Binding to a nucleotide, any compound consisting of a nucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the ribose or deoxyribose.
molecular_function
GO:0000166
nucleotide binding
Binding to a nucleotide, any compound consisting of a nucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the ribose or deoxyribose.
GOC:mah
ISBN:0198547684
Catalysis of the reaction: 2'-phospho-[ligated tRNA] + NAD+ = mature tRNA + ADP ribose 1'',2''-phosphate + nicotinamide + H2O. This reaction is the transfer of the splice junction 2-phosphate from ligated tRNA to NAD+ to produce ADP-ribose 1'-2' cyclic phosphate.
GO:0008665
2'-phosphotransferase activity
EC:2.7.1.160
MetaCyc:2.7.1.160-RXN
RHEA:23324
yeast 2'-phosphotransferase activity
molecular_function
2'-phospho-[ligated tRNA]:NAD+ phosphotransferase activity
2'-phospho-tRNA:NAD+ phosphotransferase activity
Tpt1
Tpt1p
GO:0000215
tRNA 2'-phosphotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2'-phospho-[ligated tRNA] + NAD+ = mature tRNA + ADP ribose 1'',2''-phosphate + nicotinamide + H2O. This reaction is the transfer of the splice junction 2-phosphate from ligated tRNA to NAD+ to produce ADP-ribose 1'-2' cyclic phosphate.
EC:2.7.1.160
PMID:9148937
yeast 2'-phosphotransferase activity
EC:2.7.1.160
2'-phospho-[ligated tRNA]:NAD+ phosphotransferase activity
EC:2.7.1.160
2'-phospho-tRNA:NAD+ phosphotransferase activity
EC:2.7.1.160
Tpt1
EC:2.7.1.160
Tpt1p
EC:2.7.1.160
A chromosome that encodes the nuclear genome and is found in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell during the cell cycle phases when the nucleus is intact.
nuclear interphase chromosome
cellular_component
GO:0000228
nuclear chromosome
A chromosome that encodes the nuclear genome and is found in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell during the cell cycle phases when the nucleus is intact.
GOC:dph
GOC:mah
Progression through the phases of the mitotic cell cycle, the most common eukaryotic cell cycle, which canonically comprises four successive phases called G1, S, G2, and M and includes replication of the genome and the subsequent segregation of chromosomes into daughter cells. In some variant cell cycles nuclear replication or nuclear division may not be followed by cell division, or G1 and G2 phases may be absent.
GO:0007067
Wikipedia:Mitosis
biological_process
mitosis
GO:0000278
Note that this term should not be confused with 'GO:0140014 ; mitotic nuclear division'. 'GO:0000278 ; mitotic cell cycle represents the entire mitotic cell cycle, while 'GO:0140014 ; mitotic nuclear division' specifically represents the actual nuclear division step of the mitotic cell cycle.
mitotic cell cycle
Progression through the phases of the mitotic cell cycle, the most common eukaryotic cell cycle, which canonically comprises four successive phases called G1, S, G2, and M and includes replication of the genome and the subsequent segregation of chromosomes into daughter cells. In some variant cell cycles nuclear replication or nuclear division may not be followed by cell division, or G1 and G2 phases may be absent.
GOC:mah
ISBN:0815316194
Reactome:69278
The developmental process in which the size or shape of a cell is generated and organized.
GO:0007148
GO:0045790
GO:0045791
cellular morphogenesis
biological_process
GO:0000902
cell morphogenesis
The developmental process in which the size or shape of a cell is generated and organized.
GOC:clt
GOC:dph
GOC:go_curators
GOC:tb
Naturally occurring peptide that is an opioid (any non-alkaloid having an opiate-like effect that can be reversed by naloxone or other recognized morphine antagonist). These include Leu- and Met-enkephalin, dynorphin and neoendorphin, alpha, beta, gamma and delta endorphins formed from beta-lipotropin, various pronase-resistant peptides such as beta casamorphin, and other peptides whose opiate-like action seems to be indirect.
molecular_function
GO:0001515
opioid peptide activity
Naturally occurring peptide that is an opioid (any non-alkaloid having an opiate-like effect that can be reversed by naloxone or other recognized morphine antagonist). These include Leu- and Met-enkephalin, dynorphin and neoendorphin, alpha, beta, gamma and delta endorphins formed from beta-lipotropin, various pronase-resistant peptides such as beta casamorphin, and other peptides whose opiate-like action seems to be indirect.
ISBN:0198506732
Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + N-acetyl-D-glucosamine = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 6-sulfate.
Reactome:R-HSA-2046222
Reactome:R-HSA-3656269
Reactome:R-HSA-6786012
N-acetylglucosamine 6-O-sulphotransferase activity
molecular_function
GO:0001517
N-acetylglucosamine 6-O-sulfotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + N-acetyl-D-glucosamine = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 6-sulfate.
GOC:ai
GOC:hjd
Reactome:R-HSA-2046222
CHST2,5,6 transfer SO4(2-) to GlcNAc residues on keratan-PG to form KSPG
Reactome:R-HSA-3656269
Defective CHST6 does not transfer SO4(2-) to GlcNAc residues on keratan-PG
Reactome:R-HSA-6786012
CHST4 transfers SO4(2-) from PAPS to Core 2 mucins
Binding to an amyloid-beta peptide/protein.
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/20109
beta-amyloid binding
molecular_function
GO:0001540
amyloid-beta binding
Binding to an amyloid-beta peptide/protein.
GOC:hjd
Combining with a virus component and mediating entry of the virus into the cell.
viral receptor activity
molecular_function
GO:0001618
virus receptor activity
Combining with a virus component and mediating entry of the virus into the cell.
GOC:bf
GOC:dph
PMID:7621403
UniProtKB-KW:KW-1183
Binding to a fibronectin, a group of related adhesive glycoproteins of high molecular weight found on the surface of animal cells, connective tissue matrices, and in extracellular fluids.
molecular_function
GO:0001968
fibronectin binding
Binding to a fibronectin, a group of related adhesive glycoproteins of high molecular weight found on the surface of animal cells, connective tissue matrices, and in extracellular fluids.
GOC:hjd
Any process involved in the development or functioning of the immune system, an organismal system for calibrated responses to potential internal or invasive threats.
Wikipedia:Immune_system
biological_process
GO:0002376
Note that this term is a direct child of 'biological_process ; GO:0008150' because some immune system processes are types of cellular process (GO:0009987), whereas others are types of multicellular organism process (GO:0032501).
immune system process
Any process involved in the development or functioning of the immune system, an organismal system for calibrated responses to potential internal or invasive threats.
GOC:add
GO_REF:0000022
A organ system process carried out by any of the organs or tissues of the circulatory system. The circulatory system is an organ system that moves extracellular fluids to and from tissue within a multicellular organism.
Wikipedia:Circulatory_system
biological_process
GO:0003013
circulatory system process
A organ system process carried out by any of the organs or tissues of the circulatory system. The circulatory system is an organ system that moves extracellular fluids to and from tissue within a multicellular organism.
GOC:mtg_cardio
A molecular process that can be carried out by the action of a single macromolecular machine, usually via direct physical interactions with other molecular entities. Function in this sense denotes an action, or activity, that a gene product (or a complex) performs.
GO:0005554
molecular function
molecular_function
GO:0003674
Note that, in addition to forming the root of the molecular function ontology, this term is recommended for the annotation of gene products whose molecular function is unknown. When this term is used for annotation, it indicates that no information was available about the molecular function of the gene product annotated as of the date the annotation was made; the evidence code 'no data' (ND), is used to indicate this. Despite its name, this is not a type of 'function' in the sense typically defined by upper ontologies such as Basic Formal Ontology (BFO). It is instead a BFO:process carried out by a single gene product or complex.
molecular_function
A molecular process that can be carried out by the action of a single macromolecular machine, usually via direct physical interactions with other molecular entities. Function in this sense denotes an action, or activity, that a gene product (or a complex) performs.
GOC:pdt
Binding to a nucleic acid.
GO:0000496
base pairing
molecular_function
GO:0003676
nucleic acid binding
Binding to a nucleic acid.
GOC:jl
Any molecular function by which a gene product interacts selectively and non-covalently with DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid).
GO:0043566
plasmid binding
molecular_function
microtubule/chromatin interaction
structure specific DNA binding
structure-specific DNA binding
GO:0003677
DNA binding
Any molecular function by which a gene product interacts selectively and non-covalently with DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid).
GOC:dph
GOC:jl
GOC:tb
GOC:vw
Binding to chromatin, the network of fibers of DNA, protein, and sometimes RNA, that make up the chromosomes of the eukaryotic nucleus during interphase.
lamin/chromatin binding
microtubule/chromatin interaction
nuclear membrane vesicle binding to chromatin
molecular_function
GO:0003682
chromatin binding
Binding to chromatin, the network of fibers of DNA, protein, and sometimes RNA, that make up the chromosomes of the eukaryotic nucleus during interphase.
GOC:jl
ISBN:0198506732
PMID:20404130
A transcription regulator activity that modulates transcription of gene sets via selective and non-covalent binding to a specific double-stranded genomic DNA sequence (sometimes referred to as a motif) within a cis-regulatory region. Regulatory regions include promoters (proximal and distal) and enhancers. Genes are transcriptional units, and include bacterial operons.
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/15704
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/16534
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/20253
krc
2010-10-21T04:37:54Z
GO:0000130
GO:0001071
GO:0001130
GO:0001131
GO:0001151
GO:0001199
GO:0001204
nucleic acid binding transcription factor activity
transcription factor activity
DNA binding transcription factor activity
gene-specific transcription factor activity
sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity
bacterial-type DNA binding transcription factor activity
bacterial-type RNA polymerase core promoter proximal region sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity
bacterial-type RNA polymerase transcription enhancer sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity
bacterial-type RNA polymerase transcription factor activity, metal ion regulated sequence-specific DNA binding
bacterial-type RNA polymerase transcription factor activity, sequence-specific DNA binding
metal ion regulated sequence-specific DNA binding bacterial-type RNA polymerase transcription factor activity
metal ion regulated sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity
sequence-specific DNA binding bacterial-type RNA polymerase transcription factor activity
transcription factor activity, bacterial-type RNA polymerase core promoter proximal region sequence-specific binding
transcription factor activity, bacterial-type RNA polymerase proximal promoter sequence-specific DNA binding
transcription factor activity, bacterial-type RNA polymerase transcription enhancer sequence-specific binding
transcription factor activity, metal ion regulated sequence-specific DNA binding
molecular_function
GO:0003700
Usage guidance: Most DNA-binding transcription factors do not have enzymatic activity. The presence of specific DNA-binding domains known to be present in DNA-binding transcription factors (HOX, GATA etc) should be used to help decide whether a protein is a DNA binding transcription factor or a coregulator. If a protein has an enzymatic activity (for example, ubiquitin ligase, histone acetyl transferase) and no known DNA binding domain, consider annotating to GO:0003712 transcription coregulator activity. Special care should be taken with proteins containing zinc fingers, Myb/SANT and ARID domains, since only a subset of proteins containing these domains directly and selectively bind to regulatory DNA motifs in cis-regulatory regions.
DNA-binding transcription factor activity
A transcription regulator activity that modulates transcription of gene sets via selective and non-covalent binding to a specific double-stranded genomic DNA sequence (sometimes referred to as a motif) within a cis-regulatory region. Regulatory regions include promoters (proximal and distal) and enhancers. Genes are transcriptional units, and include bacterial operons.
GOC:txnOH-2018
Binding to an RNA molecule or a portion thereof.
GO:0000498
GO:0044822
Reactome:R-HSA-203922
base pairing with RNA
molecular_function
poly(A) RNA binding
poly(A)-RNA binding
poly-A RNA binding
GO:0003723
RNA binding
Binding to an RNA molecule or a portion thereof.
GOC:jl
GOC:mah
Reactome:R-HSA-203922
Exportin-5 recognizes 3' overhang of pre-miRNA
Binding to messenger RNA (mRNA), an intermediate molecule between DNA and protein. mRNA includes UTR and coding sequences, but does not contain introns.
GO:0000499
base pairing with mRNA
molecular_function
GO:0003729
mRNA binding
Binding to messenger RNA (mRNA), an intermediate molecule between DNA and protein. mRNA includes UTR and coding sequences, but does not contain introns.
GOC:kmv
GOC:pr
SO:0000234
The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of the ribosome.
GO:0003736
GO:0003737
GO:0003738
GO:0003739
GO:0003740
GO:0003741
GO:0003742
ribosomal protein
molecular_function
ribosomal RNA
GO:0003735
Note that this term may be used to annotate ribosomal RNAs as well as ribosomal proteins.
structural constituent of ribosome
The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of the ribosome.
GOC:mah
Binding to an antigen, any substance which is capable of inducing a specific immune response and of reacting with the products of that response, the specific antibody or specifically sensitized T-lymphocytes, or both. Binding may counteract the biological activity of the antigen. Antigen binding by an MHC protein complex allows the antigen to be displayed to a T cell or NK cell.
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/25644
B cell receptor activity
MHC activity
major histocompatibility complex activity
major histocompatibility complex antigen display activity
opsonin activity
molecular_function
antibody activity
GO:0003823
antigen binding
Binding to an antigen, any substance which is capable of inducing a specific immune response and of reacting with the products of that response, the specific antibody or specifically sensitized T-lymphocytes, or both. Binding may counteract the biological activity of the antigen. Antigen binding by an MHC protein complex allows the antigen to be displayed to a T cell or NK cell.
GOC:jl
ISBN:0198506732
ISBN:0721662544
Catalysis of a biochemical reaction at physiological temperatures. In biologically catalyzed reactions, the reactants are known as substrates, and the catalysts are naturally occurring macromolecular substances known as enzymes. Enzymes possess specific binding sites for substrates, and are usually composed wholly or largely of protein, but RNA that has catalytic activity (ribozyme) is often also regarded as enzymatic.
Wikipedia:Enzyme
enzyme activity
molecular_function
GO:0003824
catalytic activity
Catalysis of a biochemical reaction at physiological temperatures. In biologically catalyzed reactions, the reactants are known as substrates, and the catalysts are naturally occurring macromolecular substances known as enzymes. Enzymes possess specific binding sites for substrates, and are usually composed wholly or largely of protein, but RNA that has catalytic activity (ribozyme) is often also regarded as enzymatic.
GOC:vw
ISBN:0198506732
enzyme activity
GOC:dph
GOC:tb
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-acetyl-1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + H2O = 1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + acetate.
EC:3.1.1.47
MetaCyc:3.1.1.47-RXN
RHEA:17777
Reactome:R-HSA-8869206
2-acetyl-1-alkylglycerophosphocholine esterase activity
molecular_function
1-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine acetohydrolase activity
1-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine acetylhydrolase activity
LDL-PLA(2) activity
LDL-PLA2
LDL-associated phospholipase A(2) activity
LDL-associated phospholipase A2
PAF 2-acylhydrolase activity
PAF acetylhydrolase activity
alkylacetyl-GPC:acetylhydrolase activity
platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase activity
GO:0003847
1-alkyl-2-acetylglycerophosphocholine esterase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-acetyl-1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + H2O = 1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + acetate.
EC:3.1.1.47
Reactome:R-HSA-8869206
PAFAH2 hydrolyses PAF to lyso-PAF and acetate
1-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine acetohydrolase activity
EC:3.1.1.47
1-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine acetylhydrolase activity
EC:3.1.1.47
LDL-PLA(2) activity
EC:3.1.1.47
LDL-PLA2
EC:3.1.1.47
LDL-associated phospholipase A(2) activity
EC:3.1.1.47
LDL-associated phospholipase A2
EC:3.1.1.47
PAF 2-acylhydrolase activity
EC:3.1.1.47
PAF acetylhydrolase activity
EC:3.1.1.47
alkylacetyl-GPC:acetylhydrolase activity
EC:3.1.1.47
platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase activity
EC:3.1.1.47
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-hydroxymethyl-7,8-dihydropteridine + ATP = (2-amino-4-hydroxy-7,8-dihydropteridin-6-yl)methyl diphosphate + AMP + 2 H+.
EC:2.7.6.3
KEGG_REACTION:R03503
MetaCyc:H2PTERIDINEPYROPHOSPHOKIN-RXN
RHEA:11412
2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-hydroxymethyldihydropteridine pyrophosphokinase activity
molecular_function
6-hydroxymethyl-7,8-dihydropterin diphosphokinase activity
6-hydroxymethyl-7,8-dihydropterin pyrophosphokinase activity
7,8-dihydro-6-hydroxymethylpterin diphosphokinase activity
7,8-dihydro-6-hydroxymethylpterin pyrophosphokinase activity
7,8-dihydroxymethylpterin-pyrophosphokinase activity
ATP:2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-hydroxymethyl-7,8-dihydropteridine 6'-diphosphotransferase activity
H2-pteridine-CH2OH pyrophosphokinase activity
HPPK
hydroxymethyldihydropteridine pyrophosphokinase activity
GO:0003848
2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-hydroxymethyldihydropteridine diphosphokinase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-hydroxymethyl-7,8-dihydropteridine + ATP = (2-amino-4-hydroxy-7,8-dihydropteridin-6-yl)methyl diphosphate + AMP + 2 H+.
EC:2.7.6.3
RHEA:11412
6-hydroxymethyl-7,8-dihydropterin diphosphokinase activity
EC:2.7.6.3
6-hydroxymethyl-7,8-dihydropterin pyrophosphokinase activity
EC:2.7.6.3
7,8-dihydro-6-hydroxymethylpterin diphosphokinase activity
EC:2.7.6.3
7,8-dihydro-6-hydroxymethylpterin pyrophosphokinase activity
EC:2.7.6.3
7,8-dihydroxymethylpterin-pyrophosphokinase activity
EC:2.7.6.3
ATP:2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-hydroxymethyl-7,8-dihydropteridine 6'-diphosphotransferase activity
EC:2.7.6.3
H2-pteridine-CH2OH pyrophosphokinase activity
EC:2.7.6.3
HPPK
EC:2.7.6.3
hydroxymethyldihydropteridine pyrophosphokinase activity
EC:2.7.6.3
Catalysis of the reaction: GTP + H2O = GDP + H+ + phosphate.
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/19078
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/26014
dph
2015-11-11T12:47:56Z
GO:0061745
hydrolase activity, acting on acid anhydrides, acting on GTP, involved in cellular and subcellular movement
MetaCyc:RXN0-5462
RHEA:19669
Reactome:R-HSA-1445143
Reactome:R-HSA-1458485
Reactome:R-HSA-156923
Reactome:R-HSA-164381
Reactome:R-HSA-165055
Reactome:R-HSA-167415
Reactome:R-HSA-170666
Reactome:R-HSA-170685
Reactome:R-HSA-170686
Reactome:R-HSA-177501
Reactome:R-HSA-203973
Reactome:R-HSA-2130641
Reactome:R-HSA-2130725
Reactome:R-HSA-2584246
Reactome:R-HSA-380979
Reactome:R-HSA-392133
Reactome:R-HSA-392212
Reactome:R-HSA-418574
Reactome:R-HSA-418582
Reactome:R-HSA-421835
Reactome:R-HSA-428941
Reactome:R-HSA-432707
Reactome:R-HSA-5333615
Reactome:R-HSA-5389839
Reactome:R-HSA-5389842
Reactome:R-HSA-5419273
Reactome:R-HSA-5419279
Reactome:R-HSA-555065
Reactome:R-HSA-5623513
Reactome:R-HSA-5638006
Reactome:R-HSA-5658231
Reactome:R-HSA-5665809
Reactome:R-HSA-5672017
Reactome:R-HSA-5694527
Reactome:R-HSA-6807877
Reactome:R-HSA-6814833
Reactome:R-HSA-8847534
Reactome:R-HSA-8847883
Reactome:R-HSA-8849082
Reactome:R-HSA-8854173
Reactome:R-HSA-8854255
Reactome:R-HSA-8854329
Reactome:R-HSA-8854604
Reactome:R-HSA-8854612
Reactome:R-HSA-8868661
Reactome:R-HSA-8981353
Reactome:R-HSA-8982020
Reactome:R-HSA-8982021
Reactome:R-HSA-8982025
Reactome:R-HSA-9018814
Reactome:R-HSA-9018826
Reactome:R-HSA-9640195
Reactome:R-HSA-9645598
Reactome:R-HSA-9649736
Reactome:R-HSA-983422
ARF small monomeric GTPase activity
RHEB small monomeric GTPase activity
Rab small monomeric GTPase activity
Ran small monomeric GTPase activity
Ras small monomeric GTPase activity
Rho small monomeric GTPase activity
Sar small monomeric GTPase activity
dynamin GTPase activity
heterotrimeric G-protein GTPase activity
protein-synthesizing GTPase activity
protein-synthesizing GTPase activity, elongation
protein-synthesizing GTPase activity, initiation
protein-synthesizing GTPase activity, termination
signal-recognition-particle GTPase activity
small monomeric GTPase activity
tubulin GTPase activity
molecular_function
GTPase activity, coupled
heterotrimeric G-protein GTPase, alpha-subunit
heterotrimeric G-protein GTPase, beta-subunit
heterotrimeric G-protein GTPase, gamma-subunit
GO:0003924
GTPase activity
Reactome:R-HSA-156923
Hydrolysis of eEF1A:GTP
Reactome:R-HSA-164381
G alpha (s) auto-inactivates by hydrolysing GTP to GDP
Reactome:R-HSA-165055
Hydrolysis of Ran:GTP to Ran:GDP
Reactome:R-HSA-167415
G-protein alpha subunit is inactivated
Reactome:R-HSA-170666
Adenylate cyclase increases the GTPase activity of G alpha-olf
Reactome:R-HSA-170685
Adenylaye cyclase increases the GTPase activity of G alpha-olf
Reactome:R-HSA-170686
Adenylate cyclase increases the GTPase activity of Gi alpha
Reactome:R-HSA-177501
Endocytosis (internalization) of clathrin-coated vesicle
Reactome:R-HSA-203973
Vesicle budding
Reactome:R-HSA-2130641
Translocation of TGN-lysosome vesicle to lysosome
Reactome:R-HSA-2130725
Internalization of MHC II:Ii clathrin coated vesicle
Reactome:R-HSA-2584246
GNAT1-GTP hydrolyses its bound GTP to GDP
Reactome:R-HSA-380979
RHEB in mTORC1:RHEB:GTP hydrolyses GTP
Reactome:R-HSA-392133
G alpha (z) auto-inactivates by hydrolysing GTP to GDP
Reactome:R-HSA-392212
G alpha (i) auto-inactivates by hydrolysing GTP to GDP
Reactome:R-HSA-418574
G alpha (12/13) auto-inactivates by hydrolysing GTP to GDP
Reactome:R-HSA-418582
G alpha (q) auto-inactivates by hydrolysing GTP to GDP
Reactome:R-HSA-421835
trans-Golgi Network Vesicle Scission
Reactome:R-HSA-428941
P2Y purinoceptor 1 activates MAP kinase p38 alpha
Reactome:R-HSA-432707
trans-Golgi Network Lysosomal Vesicle Scission
Reactome:R-HSA-5333615
80S:Met-tRNAi:mRNA:SECISBP2:Sec-tRNA(Sec):EEFSEC:GTP is hydrolysed to 80S:Met-tRNAi:mRNA:SECISBP2:Sec and EEFSEC:GDP by EEFSEC
Reactome:R-HSA-5389839
39S subunit binds 28S subunit:mRNA:fMet-tRNA
Reactome:R-HSA-5389842
TUFM hydrolyzes GTP and TUFM:GDP dissociates from 55S ribosome
Reactome:R-HSA-5419273
Hydrolysis of GTP and dissociation of 28S and 39S subunits
Reactome:R-HSA-5419279
Translocation of peptidyl-tRNA from A-site to P-site (and translocation of 55S ribosome by 3 bases along mRNA)
Reactome:R-HSA-555065
Formation of clathrin coated vesicle
Reactome:R-HSA-5623513
ASAP1 stimulates GTPase activity of ARF4
Reactome:R-HSA-5638006
ARL3 hydrolyzes GTP
Reactome:R-HSA-5658231
RAS GAPs stimulate RAS GTPase activity
Reactome:R-HSA-5665809
SRGAP2 stimulates RAC1 GTP-ase activity and ends FMNL1-mediated elongation of actin filaments
Reactome:R-HSA-5672017
Rheb in the MTORC1 complex hydrolyses GTP
Reactome:R-HSA-5694527
Loss of SAR1B GTPase
Reactome:R-HSA-6807877
ARFGAPs stimulate ARF GTPase activity
Reactome:R-HSA-6814833
TBC1D20 stimulates GTPase activity of RAB1, resulting in hydrolysis of GTP
Reactome:R-HSA-8847534
RAB43 hydrolyses GTP
Reactome:R-HSA-8847883
CYTH proteins stimulate ARF1 GTPase activity
Reactome:R-HSA-8849082
ARHGAP35 stimulates RHOA GTPase activity
Reactome:R-HSA-8854173
TBC RabGAPs accelerate GTP hydrolysis by RAB35
Reactome:R-HSA-8854255
TBC1D2A accelerates GTP hydrolysis by RAB7
Reactome:R-HSA-8854329
TBC1D15 accelerates GTP hydrolysis by RAB7
Reactome:R-HSA-8854604
TBC1D16 accelerates GTP hydrolysis by RAB4A
Reactome:R-HSA-8854612
TBC1D25 accelerates GTP hydrolysis by RAB33B
Reactome:R-HSA-8868661
Dynamin-mediated GTP hydrolysis promotes vesicle scission
Reactome:R-HSA-8981353
RASA1 stimulates RAS GTPase activity
Reactome:R-HSA-8982020
G alpha (i)i1/i2/i3 in G (i):RGS complex is inactivated
Reactome:R-HSA-8982021
G alpha (z) in G alpha (z):RGS complex is inactivated
Reactome:R-HSA-8982025
G alpha (q) in G (q):RGS complex is inactivated
Reactome:R-HSA-9018814
RHOT1 hydrolyzes GTP
Reactome:R-HSA-9018826
RHOT2 hydrolyzes GTP
Reactome:R-HSA-9640195
RRAGA,B hydrolyzes GTP
Reactome:R-HSA-9645598
RRAGC,D hydrolyzes GTP
Reactome:R-HSA-9649736
RAS intrinsic GTPase activity hydrolyzes GTP to GDP
Reactome:R-HSA-983422
Disassembly of COPII coated vesicle
Catalysis of the reaction: GTP + H2O = GDP + H+ + phosphate.
PMID:26832457
PMID:27218782
Reactome:R-HSA-1445143
RAB8A,10,13,14 hydrolyze GTP
Reactome:R-HSA-1458485
RALA hydrolyzes GTP
Catalysis of the reaction: acetylcholine + H2O = choline + acetate.
EC:3.1.1.7
MetaCyc:ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE-RXN
RHEA:17561
Reactome:R-HSA-372519
molecular_function
AcCholE
acetyl.beta-methylcholinesterase activity
acetylcholine acetylhydrolase activity
acetylcholine hydrolase activity
acetylthiocholinesterase activity
choline esterase I activity
true cholinesterase activity
GO:0003990
acetylcholinesterase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: acetylcholine + H2O = choline + acetate.
EC:3.1.1.7
Reactome:R-HSA-372519
AcCho is hydrolyzed to Cho and acetate by ACHE
AcCholE
EC:3.1.1.7
acetyl.beta-methylcholinesterase activity
EC:3.1.1.7
acetylcholine acetylhydrolase activity
EC:3.1.1.7
acetylcholine hydrolase activity
EC:3.1.1.7
acetylthiocholinesterase activity
EC:3.1.1.7
choline esterase I activity
EC:3.1.1.7
true cholinesterase activity
EC:3.1.1.7
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H2O = adenosine + L-homocysteine.
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/24053
S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase activity
EC:3.13.2.1
MetaCyc:ADENOSYLHOMOCYSTEINASE-RXN
RHEA:21708
Reactome:R-HSA-174401
Reactome:R-HSA-5579084
molecular_function
AdoHcyase activity
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase activity
S-adenosylhomocysteinase activity
S-adenosylhomocysteine synthase activity
SAHase activity
adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase activity
GO:0004013
adenosylhomocysteinase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H2O = adenosine + L-homocysteine.
RHEA:21708
Reactome:R-HSA-174401
AHCY:NAD+ tetramer hydrolyses AdoHcy
Reactome:R-HSA-5579084
Defective AHCY does not hydrolyse AdoHcy
Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + an alcohol = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + an alkyl sulfate.
estrogen sulfotransferase
steroid alcohol sulfotransferase
EC:2.8.2.2
MetaCyc:ALCOHOL-SULFOTRANSFERASE-RXN
RHEA:22552
Reactome:R-HSA-176494
Reactome:R-HSA-176609
alcohol sulphotransferase activity
molecular_function
3'-phosphoadenylyl-sulfate:alcohol sulfotransferase activity
3-hydroxysteroid sulfotransferase activity
3beta-hydroxy steroid sulfotransferase activity
3beta-hydroxysteroid sulfotransferase activity
5alpha-androstenol sulfotransferase activity
HST
alcohol/hydroxysteroid sulfotransferase activity
dehydroepiandrosterone sulfotransferase activity
delta5-3beta-hydroxysteroid sulfokinase activity
estrogen sulfokinase activity
hydroxysteroid sulfotransferase activity
steroid sulfokinase activity
sterol sulfokinase activity
sterol sulfotransferase activity
GO:0004027
alcohol sulfotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + an alcohol = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + an alkyl sulfate.
EC:2.8.2.2
estrogen sulfotransferase
EC:2.8.2.2
steroid alcohol sulfotransferase
EC:2.8.2.2
Reactome:R-HSA-176494
SULTs transfer (SO4)2- group to 27HCHOL
Reactome:R-HSA-176609
cholesterol + PAPS => cholesterol sulfate + PAP
3'-phosphoadenylyl-sulfate:alcohol sulfotransferase activity
EC:2.8.2.2
3-hydroxysteroid sulfotransferase activity
EC:2.8.2.2
3beta-hydroxy steroid sulfotransferase activity
EC:2.8.2.2
3beta-hydroxysteroid sulfotransferase activity
EC:2.8.2.2
5alpha-androstenol sulfotransferase activity
EC:2.8.2.2
HST
EC:2.8.2.2
alcohol/hydroxysteroid sulfotransferase activity
EC:2.8.2.2
dehydroepiandrosterone sulfotransferase activity
EC:2.8.2.2
delta5-3beta-hydroxysteroid sulfokinase activity
EC:2.8.2.2
estrogen sulfokinase activity
EC:2.8.2.2
hydroxysteroid sulfotransferase activity
EC:2.8.2.2
steroid sulfokinase activity
EC:2.8.2.2
sterol sulfokinase activity
EC:2.8.2.2
sterol sulfotransferase activity
EC:2.8.2.2
Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + a phenol = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + an aryl sulfate.
arylsulfotransferase
EC:2.8.2.1
MetaCyc:ARYL-SULFOTRANSFERASE-RXN
RHEA:12164
Reactome:R-HSA-158468
Reactome:R-HSA-158849
Reactome:R-HSA-158860
Reactome:R-HSA-159358
Reactome:R-HSA-176474
Reactome:R-HSA-176585
Reactome:R-HSA-176646
aryl sulphotransferase activity
molecular_function
1-naphthol phenol sulfotransferase activity
2-naphtholsulfotransferase activity
3'-phosphoadenylyl-sulfate:phenol sulfotransferase activity
4-nitrocatechol sulfokinase activity
PST
dopamine sulfotransferase activity
p-nitrophenol sulfotransferase activity
phenol sulfokinase activity
phenol sulfotransferase activity
ritodrine sulfotransferase activity
sulfokinase activity
GO:0004062
aryl sulfotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + a phenol = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + an aryl sulfate.
EC:2.8.2.1
arylsulfotransferase
EC:2.8.2.1
Reactome:R-HSA-158468
SULT1A1 dimer sulfonates PARA to PARA-SO4
Reactome:R-HSA-158849
Phenol can form a sulfate conjugate
Reactome:R-HSA-158860
SULT1A1 dimer sulfonates NHABP
Reactome:R-HSA-159358
SULT1A3,4 dimers sulfate DA to DAOS
Reactome:R-HSA-176474
3,3'-diiodothyronine + PAPS => 3,3'-diiodothyronine 4-sulfate + PAP
Reactome:R-HSA-176585
3,5,3'-triiodothyronine + PAPS => 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine 4-sulfate + PAP
Reactome:R-HSA-176646
p-nitrophenol + PAPS => p-nitrophenol sulfate + PAP
1-naphthol phenol sulfotransferase activity
EC:2.8.2.1
2-naphtholsulfotransferase activity
EC:2.8.2.1
3'-phosphoadenylyl-sulfate:phenol sulfotransferase activity
EC:2.8.2.1
4-nitrocatechol sulfokinase activity
EC:2.8.2.1
PST
EC:2.8.2.1
dopamine sulfotransferase activity
EC:2.8.2.1
p-nitrophenol sulfotransferase activity
EC:2.8.2.1
phenol sulfokinase activity
EC:2.8.2.1
phenol sulfotransferase activity
EC:2.8.2.1
ritodrine sulfotransferase activity
EC:2.8.2.1
sulfokinase activity
EC:2.8.2.1
Catalysis of the reaction: an acylcholine + H2O = choline + a carboxylic acid anion.
EC:3.1.1.8
MetaCyc:CHOLINESTERASE-RXN
RHEA:21964
molecular_function
BtChoEase activity
acylcholine acylhydrolase activity
anticholineesterase activity
benzoylcholinesterase activity
butyrylcholine esterase activity
butyrylcholinesterase activity
choline esterase II (unspecific) activity
choline esterase activity
non-specific cholinesterase activity
propionylcholinesterase activity
pseudocholinesterase activity
GO:0004104
cholinesterase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: an acylcholine + H2O = choline + a carboxylic acid anion.
EC:3.1.1.8
BtChoEase activity
EC:3.1.1.8
acylcholine acylhydrolase activity
EC:3.1.1.8
anticholineesterase activity
EC:3.1.1.8
benzoylcholinesterase activity
EC:3.1.1.8
butyrylcholine esterase activity
EC:3.1.1.8
butyrylcholinesterase activity
EC:3.1.1.8
choline esterase II (unspecific) activity
EC:3.1.1.8
choline esterase activity
EC:3.1.1.8
non-specific cholinesterase activity
EC:3.1.1.8
propionylcholinesterase activity
EC:3.1.1.8
pseudocholinesterase activity
EC:3.1.1.8
Catalysis of the reaction: dUTP + H2O = dUMP + H+ + diphosphate.
EC:3.6.1.23
KEGG_REACTION:R02100
MetaCyc:DUTP-PYROP-RXN
RHEA:10248
Reactome:R-HSA-73666
dUTP pyrophosphatase activity
molecular_function
dUTP nucleotidohydrolase activity
dUTPase activity
deoxyuridine-triphosphatase activity
desoxyuridine 5'-triphosphatase activity
desoxyuridine 5'-triphosphate nucleotidohydrolase activity
GO:0004170
dUTP diphosphatase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: dUTP + H2O = dUMP + H+ + diphosphate.
RHEA:10248
Reactome:R-HSA-73666
dUTP + H2O => dUMP + pyrophosphate
dUTP nucleotidohydrolase activity
EC:3.6.1.23
dUTPase activity
EC:3.6.1.23
deoxyuridine-triphosphatase activity
EC:3.6.1.23
desoxyuridine 5'-triphosphatase activity
EC:3.6.1.23
desoxyuridine 5'-triphosphate nucleotidohydrolase activity
EC:3.6.1.23
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of internal, alpha-peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain by a catalytic mechanism that involves a catalytic triad consisting of a serine nucleophile that is activated by a proton relay involving an acidic residue (e.g. aspartate or glutamate) and a basic residue (usually histidine).
EC:3.4.21.-
Reactome:R-HSA-114697
Reactome:R-HSA-1181152
Reactome:R-HSA-139893
Reactome:R-HSA-140599
Reactome:R-HSA-140664
Reactome:R-HSA-140696
Reactome:R-HSA-140700
Reactome:R-HSA-140736
Reactome:R-HSA-140769
Reactome:R-HSA-140777
Reactome:R-HSA-140823
Reactome:R-HSA-140840
Reactome:R-HSA-140870
Reactome:R-HSA-141026
Reactome:R-HSA-141040
Reactome:R-HSA-1454843
Reactome:R-HSA-1474197
Reactome:R-HSA-1566962
Reactome:R-HSA-1566979
Reactome:R-HSA-1566981
Reactome:R-HSA-158137
Reactome:R-HSA-158164
Reactome:R-HSA-158300
Reactome:R-HSA-158311
Reactome:R-HSA-158313
Reactome:R-HSA-158333
Reactome:R-HSA-158419
Reactome:R-HSA-158744
Reactome:R-HSA-158747
Reactome:R-HSA-158750
Reactome:R-HSA-158766
Reactome:R-HSA-158925
Reactome:R-HSA-158942
Reactome:R-HSA-158982
Reactome:R-HSA-1592270
Reactome:R-HSA-1592278
Reactome:R-HSA-1592297
Reactome:R-HSA-1592314
Reactome:R-HSA-1592316
Reactome:R-HSA-1592362
Reactome:R-HSA-1592371
Reactome:R-HSA-1592398
Reactome:R-HSA-1592436
Reactome:R-HSA-159728
Reactome:R-HSA-159733
Reactome:R-HSA-159771
Reactome:R-HSA-159773
Reactome:R-HSA-159796
Reactome:R-HSA-159868
Reactome:R-HSA-1602458
Reactome:R-HSA-1602466
Reactome:R-HSA-1602473
Reactome:R-HSA-1602484
Reactome:R-HSA-1602488
Reactome:R-HSA-1604359
Reactome:R-HSA-1604360
Reactome:R-HSA-1604368
Reactome:R-HSA-1604690
Reactome:R-HSA-1604712
Reactome:R-HSA-1604722
Reactome:R-HSA-1604731
Reactome:R-HSA-1604732
Reactome:R-HSA-1604741
Reactome:R-HSA-1604752
Reactome:R-HSA-1604763
Reactome:R-HSA-163798
Reactome:R-HSA-163843
Reactome:R-HSA-1655842
Reactome:R-HSA-166753
Reactome:R-HSA-166792
Reactome:R-HSA-166817
Reactome:R-HSA-170844
Reactome:R-HSA-171288
Reactome:R-HSA-173626
Reactome:R-HSA-173631
Reactome:R-HSA-173680
Reactome:R-HSA-173745
Reactome:R-HSA-174551
Reactome:R-HSA-1799329
Reactome:R-HSA-183122
Reactome:R-HSA-183130
Reactome:R-HSA-186785
Reactome:R-HSA-187020
Reactome:R-HSA-1912369
Reactome:R-HSA-1912372
Reactome:R-HSA-2022411
Reactome:R-HSA-2129357
Reactome:R-HSA-2168923
Reactome:R-HSA-2168960
Reactome:R-HSA-2172405
Reactome:R-HSA-2214330
Reactome:R-HSA-2471621
Reactome:R-HSA-2471842
Reactome:R-HSA-2482180
Reactome:R-HSA-2514772
Reactome:R-HSA-2514823
Reactome:R-HSA-2534160
Reactome:R-HSA-2534206
Reactome:R-HSA-2534260
Reactome:R-HSA-265301
Reactome:R-HSA-3266557
Reactome:R-HSA-3785684
Reactome:R-HSA-3788061
Reactome:R-HSA-381135
Reactome:R-HSA-381446
Reactome:R-HSA-381461
Reactome:R-HSA-381466
Reactome:R-HSA-3814820
Reactome:R-HSA-381500
Reactome:R-HSA-381798
Reactome:R-HSA-382061
Reactome:R-HSA-3928657
Reactome:R-HSA-400459
Reactome:R-HSA-400492
Reactome:R-HSA-400496
Reactome:R-HSA-422021
Reactome:R-HSA-422051
Reactome:R-HSA-5210912
Reactome:R-HSA-5210935
Reactome:R-HSA-5578783
Reactome:R-HSA-5591040
Reactome:R-HSA-5607002
Reactome:R-HSA-5691512
Reactome:R-HSA-6800198
Reactome:R-HSA-6800200
Reactome:R-HSA-6800299
Reactome:R-HSA-6801687
Reactome:R-HSA-6807224
Reactome:R-HSA-8849826
Reactome:R-HSA-8849857
Reactome:R-HSA-8850831
Reactome:R-HSA-8852716
Reactome:R-HSA-8855825
Reactome:R-HSA-8865275
Reactome:R-HSA-8865276
Reactome:R-HSA-8874186
Reactome:R-HSA-8874204
Reactome:R-HSA-8874205
Reactome:R-HSA-8874206
Reactome:R-HSA-8874212
Reactome:R-HSA-9023178
Reactome:R-HSA-9023196
Reactome:R-HSA-9023626
Reactome:R-HSA-9023627
Reactome:R-HSA-9023632
Reactome:R-HSA-9023633
Reactome:R-HSA-9033490
Reactome:R-HSA-9033506
Reactome:R-HSA-9033515
Reactome:R-HSA-9033520
Reactome:R-HSA-9033524
Reactome:R-HSA-9033529
Reactome:R-HSA-9033530
Reactome:R-HSA-9653249
Reactome:R-HSA-9655046
Reactome:R-HSA-9662786
Reactome:R-HSA-9666383
Reactome:R-HSA-9668253
Reactome:R-HSA-9668365
Reactome:R-HSA-9670874
Reactome:R-HSA-9673223
Reactome:R-HSA-9686710
Reactome:R-HSA-9686731
Reactome:R-HSA-9694287
Reactome:R-HSA-9694661
Reactome:R-HSA-9698988
Reactome:R-HSA-9699007
Reactome:R-HSA-9708859
Reactome:R-HSA-9710106
Reactome:R-HSA-9710263
Reactome:R-HSA-976743
Reactome:R-HSA-9769949
Reactome:R-HSA-9770187
Reactome:R-HSA-977371
Reactome:R-HSA-977615
molecular_function
blood coagulation factor activity
serine elastase activity
GO:0004252
serine-type endopeptidase activity
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of internal, alpha-peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain by a catalytic mechanism that involves a catalytic triad consisting of a serine nucleophile that is activated by a proton relay involving an acidic residue (e.g. aspartate or glutamate) and a basic residue (usually histidine).
GOC:mah
https://www.ebi.ac.uk/merops/about/glossary.shtml#CATTYPE
Reactome:R-HSA-114697
Activated thrombin (factor IIa) cleaves PAR3,4, activating them
Reactome:R-HSA-1181152
Cleavage of NODAL proprotein
Reactome:R-HSA-139893
Granzyme-B activates BID by cleavage
Reactome:R-HSA-140599
factor XIII -> factor XIII cleaved tetramer + 2 factor XIII A activation peptides
Reactome:R-HSA-140664
prothrombin -> activated thrombin (factor IIa) + thrombin activation peptide (prothrombinase catalyst)
Reactome:R-HSA-140696
factor V -> factor Va + factor V activation peptide
Reactome:R-HSA-140700
prothrombin -> activated thrombin (factor IIa) + thrombin activation peptide (Xa catalyst)
Reactome:R-HSA-140736
factor X -> factor Xa + factor X activation peptide (TF:F7a catalyst)
Reactome:R-HSA-140769
factor VII -> factor VIIa
Reactome:R-HSA-140777
factor X -> factor Xa + factor X activation peptide (TF:F7 catalyst)
Reactome:R-HSA-140823
factor IX -> factor IXa + factor IX activation peptide (TF:F7a catalyst)
Reactome:R-HSA-140840
fibrinogen -> fibrin monomer + 2 fibrinopeptide A + 2 fibrinopeptide B
Reactome:R-HSA-140870
thrombin:antithrombin III:heparin -> thrombin:cleaved antithrombin III:heparin
Reactome:R-HSA-141026
Activated protein C cleaves factor Va to factor Vi intermediate form
Reactome:R-HSA-141040
Activated thrombin:thrombomodulin cleaves PROCR:Protein C to PROCR:Activated protein C
Reactome:R-HSA-1454843
E-cadherin degradation by MMP3, MMP7 and plasmin.
Reactome:R-HSA-1474197
Collagen type II degradation by MMP1,3,8,13,PRSS2
Reactome:R-HSA-1566962
Elastin degradation by elastin-degrading extracellular proteinases
Reactome:R-HSA-1566979
Laminin-332 degradation by laminin-322 degrading extracellular proteinases
Reactome:R-HSA-1566981
Fibronectin degradation by MMP1, 3, 7, 12, 13, 19, CTSS
Reactome:R-HSA-158137
factor VIII:von Willibrand factor multimer -> factor VIIIa + factor VIIIa B A3 acidic polypeptide + von Willibrand factor multimer
Reactome:R-HSA-158164
factor X -> factor Xa + factor X activation peptide (VIIIa:IXa catalyst)
Reactome:R-HSA-158300
factor XI:platelet glycoprotein (GP) Ib:IX:V complex -> factor XIa:platelet glycoprotein (GP) Ib:IX:V complex (XIIa catalyst)
Reactome:R-HSA-158311
kallikrein:kininogen:C1q binding protein tetramer -> kallikrein + activated kininogen:C1q binding protein tetramer + bradykinin
Reactome:R-HSA-158313
factor XII -> factor XIIa
Reactome:R-HSA-158333
factor IX -> factor IXa + factor IX activation peptide (factor XIa catalyst)
Reactome:R-HSA-158419
factor XI:platelet glycoprotein (GP) Ib:IX:V complex -> factor XIa:platelet glycoprotein (GP) Ib:IX:V complex (thrombin catalyst)
Reactome:R-HSA-158744
crosslinked fibrin multimer:tissue plasminogen activator (two-chain):plasminogen -> crosslinked fibrin multimer:tissue plasminogen activator (two-chain) + plasmin
Reactome:R-HSA-158747
crosslinked fibrin multimer:tissue plasminogen activator (one-chain) -> crosslinked fibrin multimer:tissue plasminogen activator (two-chain)
Reactome:R-HSA-158750
crosslinked fibrin multimer:tissue plasminogen activator (one-chain):plasminogen -> crosslinked fibrin multimer:tissue plasminogen activator (one-chain) + plasmin
Reactome:R-HSA-158766
fibrin multimer, crosslinked -> fibrin digestion products (plasmin)
Reactome:R-HSA-158925
plasminogen:histidine-rich glycoprotein -> plasmin + histidine-rich glycoprotein (uPA [two-chain] catalyst)
Reactome:R-HSA-158942
urokinase plasminogen activator (one-chain):uPAR -> urokinase plasminogen activator (two-chain):uPAR
Reactome:R-HSA-158982
plasminogen:histidine-rich glycoprotein -> plasmin + histidine-rich glycoprotein (uPA [one-chain] catalyst)
Reactome:R-HSA-1592270
NID1 degradation by MMP1, 9, 12, ELANE
Reactome:R-HSA-1592278
Autocatalytic activation of proMMP2
Reactome:R-HSA-1592297
Full activation of MMP1
Reactome:R-HSA-1592314
HSPG2 (perlecan) degradation by MMP3, plasmin, (MMP12)
Reactome:R-HSA-1592316
Initial activation of proMMP1
Reactome:R-HSA-1592362
Activation of proMMP7 by MMP3
Reactome:R-HSA-1592371
Initial activation of proMMP3
Reactome:R-HSA-1592398
Activation of proMMP8
Reactome:R-HSA-1592436
Initial activation of proMMP9 by MMPs
Reactome:R-HSA-159728
Furin cleaves pro-prothrombin to prothrombin
Reactome:R-HSA-159733
Furin cleaves pro-factor X to factor X
Reactome:R-HSA-159771
Furin cleaves pro-protein C to protein C
Reactome:R-HSA-159773
Furin cleaves pro-protein S to protein S
Reactome:R-HSA-159796
Furin cleaves pro-factor IX to factor IX
Reactome:R-HSA-159868
Furin cleaves pro-factor VII to factor VII
Reactome:R-HSA-1602458
Activation of proMMP10
Reactome:R-HSA-1602466
Activation of MT-MMPs by FURIN
Reactome:R-HSA-1602473
Autocatalytic activation of MMP1
Reactome:R-HSA-1602484
Activation of proMMP11 by FURIN
Reactome:R-HSA-1602488
Initial activation of proMMP13 by plasmin and trypsin
Reactome:R-HSA-1604359
Initial activation of proMMP2 by MMP1, 7
Reactome:R-HSA-1604360
Initial activation of proMMP2 by MMP14
Reactome:R-HSA-1604368
Autocatalytic activation of bound proMMP2
Reactome:R-HSA-1604690
Activation of MMP9 intermediate form by MMPs
Reactome:R-HSA-1604712
Initial activation of proMMP7 by trypsin
Reactome:R-HSA-1604722
Activation of proMMP9 by proteases
Reactome:R-HSA-1604731
Autocatalytic activation of MMP3
Reactome:R-HSA-1604732
Autocatalytic activation of proMMP13
Reactome:R-HSA-1604741
Initial activation of proMMP13 by MMP14 (MT1-MMP)
Reactome:R-HSA-1604752
Initial activation of proMMP13 by MMP3
Reactome:R-HSA-1604763
Autocatalytic activation of MMP7
Reactome:R-HSA-163798
Furin cleaves pro-protein Z to protein Z
Reactome:R-HSA-163843
Furin cleaves pro-GAS6 to GAS6
Reactome:R-HSA-1655842
S1P hydrolyzes SREBP1A,1C,2
Reactome:R-HSA-166753
Conversion of C4 into C4a and C4b
Reactome:R-HSA-166792
Conversion of C2 into C2a and C2b
Reactome:R-HSA-166817
Cleavage of C3 by C3 convertases
Reactome:R-HSA-170844
Latent TGF-beta-1 is cleaved by FURIN
Reactome:R-HSA-171288
Cleavage of the viral Env gp160 precursor polyprotein
Reactome:R-HSA-173626
Activation of C1r
Reactome:R-HSA-173631
Activation of C1s
Reactome:R-HSA-173680
Activation of C5
Reactome:R-HSA-173745
Factor D cleaves C3(H2O)-bound Factor B
Reactome:R-HSA-174551
Formation of alternative pathway C5 convertase
Reactome:R-HSA-1799329
Signal peptidase hydrolyzes signal peptide from ribosome-associated nascent protein
Reactome:R-HSA-183122
Factor D cleaves C3b-bound Factor B
Reactome:R-HSA-183130
C3(H2O):Factor Bb cleaves C3 to C3b and C3a
Reactome:R-HSA-186785
PDGF-AA clevage by Furin
Reactome:R-HSA-187020
Part of pro-beta-NGF is processed to mature beta-NGF
Reactome:R-HSA-1912369
NOTCH precursor cleaved to form mature NOTCH
Reactome:R-HSA-1912372
Fringe-modified Pre-NOTCH is cleaved by FURIN
Reactome:R-HSA-2022411
Cathepsin G hydrolyzes Angiotensin-(1-10) to Angiotensin-(1-8)
Reactome:R-HSA-2129357
Fibrillin C-terminal processing
Reactome:R-HSA-2168923
Collagen type XVIII endostatin release
Reactome:R-HSA-2168960
Collagen type XVII ectodomain shedding
Reactome:R-HSA-2172405
Collagen type XXIII ectodomain shedding
Reactome:R-HSA-2214330
Cleavage of collagen VII NC2 region by BMP1
Reactome:R-HSA-2471621
Endostatin degradation by cathepsins
Reactome:R-HSA-2471842
Collagen type XXV ectomain shedding
Reactome:R-HSA-2482180
Collagen type VIII degradation by ELANE
Reactome:R-HSA-2514772
Fibrillin-1 degradation by MMP3, CTSK, CTSL2
Reactome:R-HSA-2514823
Fibrillin-1 degradation by ELANE
Reactome:R-HSA-2534160
HSPG2 (perlecan) degradation by MMP13, CTSS
Reactome:R-HSA-2534206
E-cadherin degradation by PS1:NCSTN (Gamma-secretase)
Reactome:R-HSA-2534260
E-cadherin degradation by caspase-3 and calpain-1
Reactome:R-HSA-265301
Corticotropin cleavage from POMC
Reactome:R-HSA-3266557
Factor I cleaves iC3b
Reactome:R-HSA-3785684
Fibronectin degradation by CTSG
Reactome:R-HSA-3788061
Fibronectin degradation by ADAM8
Reactome:R-HSA-381135
MBTPS1 (S1P) cleaves ATF6 (ATF6-alpha)
Reactome:R-HSA-381446
Thrombin proteolyzes IGF:IGFBP3:ALS
Reactome:R-HSA-381461
Plasmin proteolyzes IGF:IGFBP-3:ALS
Reactome:R-HSA-381466
Prostate-specific Antigen proteolyzes IGF:IGFBP3:ALS
Reactome:R-HSA-3814820
HSPG2 (perlecan) is cleaved by BMP1, TLL1, TLL2, Cathepsin L1
Reactome:R-HSA-381500
Cathepsin G proteolyzes IGF:IGFBP3:ALS
Reactome:R-HSA-381798
PCSK1 hydrolyzes Proglucagon to Glucagon-like Peptide-1
Reactome:R-HSA-382061
Extracellular processing of novel PDGFs
Reactome:R-HSA-3928657
MMP2,9 cleave EPHB
Reactome:R-HSA-400459
Signal peptidase hydrolyzes preproGLP-1 to proGLP-1
Reactome:R-HSA-400492
PCSK1 hydrolyzes proGIP to GIP
Reactome:R-HSA-400496
Signal peptidase hydrolyzes preproGIP to proGIP
Reactome:R-HSA-422021
PCSK1 hydrolyzes acyl Proghrelin to acyl Ghrelin
Reactome:R-HSA-422051
Cleavage of the signal peptide of Preproghrelin
Reactome:R-HSA-5210912
Furin cleaves ANTXR2-bound pagA to yield pagA(197-794)
Reactome:R-HSA-5210935
Furin cleaves ANTXR1-bound pagA to yield pagA(197-794)
Reactome:R-HSA-5578783
CORIN(802-1042) hydrolyses NPPA to form NPPA(124-151)
Reactome:R-HSA-5591040
Activated protein C cleaves Factor Va intermediate form for Factor Va
Reactome:R-HSA-5607002
Activated protein C cleaves factor VIIIa
Reactome:R-HSA-5691512
APEH hydrolyses NAc-Ser-protein
Reactome:R-HSA-6800198
HPN heterodimer cleaves pro-MST1 to form MST1 dimer
Reactome:R-HSA-6800200
HPN heterodimer cleaves pro-HGF to form HGF dimer
Reactome:R-HSA-6800299
HGFAC cleaves pro-HGF to form HGF dimer
Reactome:R-HSA-6801687
PRTN3 cleaves CAMP(31-170) to generate CAMP(134-170)
Reactome:R-HSA-6807224
Furin cleaves pro-BGLAP to BGLAP
Reactome:R-HSA-8849826
ST14 hydrolyzes and activates KLK5
Reactome:R-HSA-8849857
KLK5 cleaves and activates CELA2
Reactome:R-HSA-8850831
KLK5 cleaves and activates KLK8
Reactome:R-HSA-8852716
Thrombin, ELANE cleave C5
Reactome:R-HSA-8855825
HTRA1 hydrolyzes ACAN (Aggrecan)
Reactome:R-HSA-8865275
PDGF-BB clevage by Furin
Reactome:R-HSA-8865276
PDGF-AB clevage by Furin
Reactome:R-HSA-8874186
MBTPS1 (S1P) cleaves CREB3L4
Reactome:R-HSA-8874204
MBTPS1 (S1P) cleaves CREB3
Reactome:R-HSA-8874205
MBTPS1 (S1P) cleaves CREB3L2
Reactome:R-HSA-8874206
MBTPS1 (S1P) cleaves CREB3L3
Reactome:R-HSA-8874212
MBTPS1 (S1P) cleaves CREB3L1
Reactome:R-HSA-9023178
PCSK2 cleaves Insulin(57-110) to yield Insulin(90-110) and C-peptide (Insulin(57-89))
Reactome:R-HSA-9023196
PCSK1 cleaves proinsulin to yield Insulin(25-56) and Insulin(57-110)
Reactome:R-HSA-9023626
DPP4(39-766) hydrolyzes Glucose-dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide (GIP)
Reactome:R-HSA-9023627
DPP4(1-766) hydrolyzes Glucose-dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide (GIP)
Reactome:R-HSA-9023632
DPP4(39-766) hydrolyzes Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1)
Reactome:R-HSA-9023633
DPP4(1-766) hydrolyzes Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1)
Reactome:R-HSA-9033490
TYSND1 cleaves PHYH
Reactome:R-HSA-9033506
TYSND1 cleaves AGPS
Reactome:R-HSA-9033515
TYSND1 cleaves ACOX1
Reactome:R-HSA-9033520
TYSND1 cleaves TYSND1
Reactome:R-HSA-9033524
TYSND1 cleaves SCP2
Reactome:R-HSA-9033529
TYSND1 cleaves ACAA1
Reactome:R-HSA-9033530
TYSND1 cleaves HSD17B4
Reactome:R-HSA-9653249
Cleavage of factor XII variant by activated thrombin
Reactome:R-HSA-9655046
Cleavage of FXII variant by KLKB1
Reactome:R-HSA-9662786
FURIN cleaves ADAM17
Reactome:R-HSA-9666383
F8 variant is not cleaved by thrombin
Reactome:R-HSA-9668253
Hyperactivation of factor X by FVIIIa:FIXa R384L
Reactome:R-HSA-9668365
FVIIIa variant:FIXa does not convert FX to the active FXa
Reactome:R-HSA-9670874
FIXa variant:FVIIIa does not convert FX to the active FXa
Reactome:R-HSA-9673223
FIX(29-461) variant is not activated (factor XIa catalyst)
Reactome:R-HSA-9686710
Cleavage of S protein into S1:S2
Reactome:R-HSA-9686731
TMPRSS2 Mediated SARS-CoV-1 Spike Protein Cleavage and Endocytosis
Reactome:R-HSA-9694287
Cleavage of S protein into S1:S2
Reactome:R-HSA-9694661
TMPRSS2 Mediated SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Cleavage and Endocytosis
Reactome:R-HSA-9698988
Direct Host Cell Membrane Membrane Fusion and Release of SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid
Reactome:R-HSA-9699007
FURIN Mediated SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Cleavage and Endocytosis
Reactome:R-HSA-9708859
Activated thrombin (factor IIa) cleaves F2R (PAR1), activating it
Reactome:R-HSA-9710106
ELANE cleaves GSDMD
Reactome:R-HSA-9710263
GZMB cleaves GSDME
Reactome:R-HSA-976743
Factor I inactivates plasma Factor H-bound C3b
Reactome:R-HSA-9769949
FURIN Mediated SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Cleavage
Reactome:R-HSA-9770187
S2 Cleavage by TMPRSS2 Exposes S2' Initiating Cell-Cell Fusion
Reactome:R-HSA-977371
Factor I inactivates Factor H-boundC3b
Reactome:R-HSA-977615
Factor I inactivates MCP/CR1-bound C4b/C3b
serine elastase activity
GOC:krc
Catalysis of the reaction: an epoxide + H2O = a glycol.
arene-oxide hydratase activity
aryl epoxide hydrase activity
epoxide hydrase activity
epoxide hydratase activity
EC:3.3.2.10
MetaCyc:3.3.2.10-RXN
RHEA:19037
Reactome:R-HSA-2161961
Reactome:R-HSA-9018862
Reactome:R-HSA-9018877
Reactome:R-HSA-9020252
Reactome:R-HSA-9020253
Reactome:R-HSA-9020257
Reactome:R-HSA-9020258
Reactome:R-HSA-9020270
Reactome:R-HSA-9024890
Reactome:R-HSA-9024973
Reactome:R-HSA-9024993
Reactome:R-HSA-9025998
Reactome:R-HSA-9026000
Reactome:R-HSA-9026008
UM-BBD_enzymeID:e0397
soluble epoxide hydrolase activity
molecular_function
cytosolic epoxide hydrolase activity
sEH
trans-stilbene oxide hydrolase activity
GO:0004301
epoxide hydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: an epoxide + H2O = a glycol.
EC:3.3.2.10
arene-oxide hydratase activity
EC:3.3.2.10
aryl epoxide hydrase activity
EC:3.3.2.10
epoxide hydrase activity
EC:3.3.2.10
epoxide hydratase activity
EC:3.3.2.10
Reactome:R-HSA-2161961
EET(1) is hydrolysed to DHET(1) by EPHX2
Reactome:R-HSA-9018862
LTA4H:Zn2+ hydrolyses 5S,6S-epoxy-18(S)-HEPE to 18(S)-RvE1
Reactome:R-HSA-9018877
LTA4H:Zn2+ hydrolyses 5S,6S-epoxy-18(R)-HEPE to 18(R)-RvE1
Reactome:R-HSA-9020252
LTA4H:Zn2+ hydrolyses 7S(8)-epoxy-17(R)-HDHA to AT-RvD1 or AT-RvD2
Reactome:R-HSA-9020253
LTA4H:Zn2+ hydrolyses 4S(5)-epoxy-17(S)-HDHA to RvD3 or RvD4
Reactome:R-HSA-9020257
LTA4H:Zn2+ hydrolyses 17R(16)-epoxy-DHA to AT-(N)PD1
Reactome:R-HSA-9020258
LTA4H:Zn2+ hydrolyses 7S(8)-epoxy-17(S)-HDHA to RvD1 or RvD2
Reactome:R-HSA-9020270
LTA4H:Zn2+ hydrolyses 4S(5)-epoxy-17(R)-HDHA to AT-RvD3 or AT-RvD4
Reactome:R-HSA-9024890
LTA4H:Zn2+ hydrolyses 16S,17S-epoxy-DHA to (N)PD1
Reactome:R-HSA-9024973
Epoxide hydrolase hydrolyses 13(S),14(S)-epoxy-DHA to MaR1
Reactome:R-HSA-9024993
EPHX2 dimer hydrolyses 13(S),14(S)-epoxy-DHA to MaR2
Reactome:R-HSA-9025998
Epoxide hydrolase hydrolyses 13,14-epoxy-DPAn-3 to MaR1n-3 DPA or MaR2n-3 DPA
Reactome:R-HSA-9026000
Epoxide hydrolase hydrolyses 16(S),17(S)-epoxy-DPAn-3 to PD1n-3DPA or PD2n-3DPA
Reactome:R-HSA-9026008
Epoxide hydrolase hydrolyses 7,8-epoxy-HDPAn-3 to RvD1n-3DPA or RvD2n-3DPA
soluble epoxide hydrolase activity
EC:3.3.2.10
cytosolic epoxide hydrolase activity
EC:3.3.2.10
sEH
EC:3.3.2.10
trans-stilbene oxide hydrolase activity
EC:3.3.2.10
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate, to drive the unwinding of a DNA or RNA helix.
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/21393
GO:0008026
Reactome:R-HSA-169461
Reactome:R-HSA-169468
Reactome:R-HSA-5686410
Reactome:R-HSA-5690996
ATP-dependent helicase activity
molecular_function
GO:0004386
Note that most helicases catalyze processive duplex unwinding.
helicase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate, to drive the unwinding of a DNA or RNA helix.
GOC:jl
Reactome:R-HSA-169461
MCM8 mediated fork unwinding
Reactome:R-HSA-169468
MCM2-7 mediated fork unwinding
Reactome:R-HSA-5686410
BLM mediates dissolution of double Holliday junction
Reactome:R-HSA-5690996
ERCC2 and ERCC3 DNA helicases form an open bubble structure in damaged DNA
Catalysis of the reaction: methyl (2E,6E)-(10R,11S)-10,11-epoxy-3,7,11-trimethyltrideca-2,6-dienoate + H2O = (2E,6E)-(10R,11S)-10,11-epoxy-3,7,11-trimethyltrideca-2,6-dienoate + methanol. A carboxylesterase that hydrolyzes the ester linkage of juvenile hormone.
EC:3.1.1.59
MetaCyc:JUVENILE-HORMONE-ESTERASE-RXN
RHEA:16393
molecular_function
JH esterase activity
JH-esterase activity
juvenile hormone analog esterase activity
juvenile hormone carboxyesterase activity
methyl-(2E,6E)-(10R,11S)-10,11-epoxy-3,7,11-trimethyltrideca-2,6-dienoate acylhydrolase activity
GO:0004453
juvenile-hormone esterase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: methyl (2E,6E)-(10R,11S)-10,11-epoxy-3,7,11-trimethyltrideca-2,6-dienoate + H2O = (2E,6E)-(10R,11S)-10,11-epoxy-3,7,11-trimethyltrideca-2,6-dienoate + methanol. A carboxylesterase that hydrolyzes the ester linkage of juvenile hormone.
PMID:11267890
RHEA:16393
JH esterase activity
EC:3.1.1.59
JH-esterase activity
EC:3.1.1.59
juvenile hormone analog esterase activity
EC:3.1.1.59
juvenile hormone carboxyesterase activity
EC:3.1.1.59
methyl-(2E,6E)-(10R,11S)-10,11-epoxy-3,7,11-trimethyltrideca-2,6-dienoate acylhydrolase activity
EC:3.1.1.59
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within nucleic acids.
molecular_function
GO:0004518
Note that 'tRNA nucleotidyltransferase activity ; GO:0009022', also known as 'ribonuclease PH', and 'DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) lyase activity ; GO:0003906' do not have parentage in the 'nuclease activity' branch of the ontology because both GO and the Enzyme Commission define nuclease activity as a type of hydrolysis.
nuclease activity
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within nucleic acids.
ISBN:0198547684
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a glycerophospholipid.
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/21843
Reactome:R-HSA-6786650
Reactome:R-HSA-6792445
molecular_function
GO:0004620
phospholipase activity
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a glycerophospholipid.
ISBN:0198506732
Reactome:R-HSA-6786650
DDHD1,2 hydrolyse PA
Reactome:R-HSA-6792445
LIPH, I hydrolyse PA to 2-acyl LPA
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-lysophosphatidylcholine + H2O = glycerophosphocholine + a carboxylate.
GO:0045126
EC:3.1.1.5
MetaCyc:LYSOPHOSPHOLIPASE-RXN
RHEA:15177
Reactome:R-HSA-1482545
Reactome:R-HSA-1482571
Reactome:R-HSA-1482612
Reactome:R-HSA-1482629
Reactome:R-HSA-1482685
Reactome:R-HSA-1482696
Reactome:R-HSA-6814254
Reactome:R-HSA-6814766
Reactome:R-HSA-6814778
Reactome:R-HSA-8847912
molecular_function
2-lysophosphatidylcholine acylhydrolase activity
lecithinase B activity
lecitholipase activity
lysolecithinase activity
lysophopholipase L2
lysophosphatidase activity
lysophosphatidylcholine hydrolase activity
lysophospholipase A1
phosphatidase B
phospholipase B activity
GO:0004622
lysophospholipase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-lysophosphatidylcholine + H2O = glycerophosphocholine + a carboxylate.
EC:3.1.1.5
Reactome:R-HSA-1482545
2-acyl LPE is hydrolyzed to GPETA by PLA2G4C
Reactome:R-HSA-1482571
1-acyl LPE is hydrolyzed to GPETA by PLA2G4C
Reactome:R-HSA-1482612
2-acyl LPC is hydrolyzed to GPCho by PLA2[8]
Reactome:R-HSA-1482629
2-acyl LPC is hydrolyzed to GPCho by PLA2G4C
Reactome:R-HSA-1482685
1-acyl LPC is hydrolyzed to GPCho by PLA2[8]
Reactome:R-HSA-1482696
1-acyl LPC is hydrolyzed to GPCho by PLA2G4C
Reactome:R-HSA-6814254
PNPLA6 hydrolyzes LysoPtdCho
Reactome:R-HSA-6814766
GDPD1 hydrolyzes LysoPtdCho
Reactome:R-HSA-6814778
GDPD3 hydrolyzes LysoPtdCho
Reactome:R-HSA-8847912
PNPLA7 hydrolyzes LysoPtdCho
2-lysophosphatidylcholine acylhydrolase activity
EC:3.1.1.5
lecithinase B activity
EC:3.1.1.5
lecitholipase activity
EC:3.1.1.5
lysolecithinase activity
EC:3.1.1.5
lysophopholipase L2
EC:3.1.1.5
lysophosphatidase activity
EC:3.1.1.5
lysophosphatidylcholine hydrolase activity
EC:3.1.1.5
lysophospholipase A1
EC:3.1.1.5
phosphatidase B
EC:3.1.1.5
phospholipase B activity
EC:3.1.1.5
Catalysis of the reaction: a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospholipid + H2O = 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospholipid + a fatty acid. This reaction removes the fatty acid attached to the sn2-position. Substrates include phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, choline plasmalogen and phosphatides.
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/21259
GO:0102567
GO:0102568
EC:3.1.1.4
MetaCyc:PHOSPHOLIPASE-A2-RXN
MetaCyc:RXN-15067
RHEA:15801
Reactome:R-HSA-1482604
Reactome:R-HSA-1482656
Reactome:R-HSA-1482679
Reactome:R-HSA-1482745
Reactome:R-HSA-1482759
Reactome:R-HSA-1482771
Reactome:R-HSA-1482776
Reactome:R-HSA-1482778
Reactome:R-HSA-1482816
Reactome:R-HSA-1482825
Reactome:R-HSA-1482856
Reactome:R-HSA-1482868
Reactome:R-HSA-1482884
Reactome:R-HSA-1482887
Reactome:R-HSA-1482897
Reactome:R-HSA-1482900
Reactome:R-HSA-1482907
Reactome:R-HSA-1602368
Reactome:R-HSA-1602374
Reactome:R-HSA-1602377
Reactome:R-HSA-1602398
Reactome:R-HSA-1602399
Reactome:R-HSA-1602417
Reactome:R-HSA-1602446
Reactome:R-HSA-8848484
cytosolic phospholipase A2 activity
phospholipase A2 activity (consuming 1,2-dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine)
phospholipase A2 activity consuming 1,2-dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine)
secreted phospholipase A2 activity
molecular_function
lecithinase A activity
phosphatidase activity
phosphatidolipase activity
phosphatidylcholine 2-acylhydrolase activity
GO:0004623
phospholipase A2 activity
Catalysis of the reaction: a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospholipid + H2O = 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospholipid + a fatty acid. This reaction removes the fatty acid attached to the sn2-position. Substrates include phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, choline plasmalogen and phosphatides.
RHEA:15801
Reactome:R-HSA-1482604
PA is hydrolyzed to 1-acyl LPA by PLA2[1] (OM)
Reactome:R-HSA-1482656
PA is hydrolysed to 1-acyl LPA by PLA2[1]
Reactome:R-HSA-1482679
PA is hydrolysed to 1-acyl LPA by PLA2G2A
Reactome:R-HSA-1482745
PG is hydrolyzed to 1-acyl LPG by PLA2G4B (IM)
Reactome:R-HSA-1482759
MLCL is hydrolyzed to DLCL by PLA2G4A (IM)
Reactome:R-HSA-1482771
PS is hydrolyzed to 1-acyl LPS by PLA2[9]
Reactome:R-HSA-1482776
PS is hydrolyzed to 1-acyl LPS by PLA2G2A
Reactome:R-HSA-1482778
CL is hydrolyzed to MLCL by PLA2G6 (IM)
Reactome:R-HSA-1482816
PC is hydrolyzed to 1-acyl LPC by PLA2[6]
Reactome:R-HSA-1482825
PI is hydrolyzed to 1-acyl LPI by PLA2[11]
Reactome:R-HSA-1482856
PC is hydrolyzed to 1-acyl LPC by PLA2[5]
Reactome:R-HSA-1482868
PI is hydrolyzed to 1-acyl LPI by PLA2[12]
Reactome:R-HSA-1482884
PE is hydrolyzed to 1-acyl LPE by PLA2[2]
Reactome:R-HSA-1482887
PE is hydrolyzed to 1-acyl LPE by PLA2[3]
Reactome:R-HSA-1482897
PS is hydrolyzed to 2-acyl LPS by PLA2[10]
Reactome:R-HSA-1482900
PG is hydrolyzed to 1-acyl LPG by PLA2[1]
Reactome:R-HSA-1482907
PG is hydrolyzed to 1-acyl LPG by PLA2G2A
Reactome:R-HSA-1602368
PG is hydrolyzed to 1-acyl LPG by PLA2[16]
Reactome:R-HSA-1602374
PS is hydrolyzed to 1-acyl LPS by PLA2[15]
Reactome:R-HSA-1602377
PI is hydrolyzed to 1-acyl LPI by PLA2[15]
Reactome:R-HSA-1602398
PE is hydrolyzed to 1-acyl LPE by PLA2[16]
Reactome:R-HSA-1602399
PC is hydrolyzed to 1-acyl LPC by PLB1
Reactome:R-HSA-1602417
PC is hydrolyzed to 1-acyl LPC by PLA2[16]
Reactome:R-HSA-1602446
PA is hydrolyzed to 1-acyl LPA by PLA2[15]
Reactome:R-HSA-8848484
PLA2s hydrolyze phospholipids at the Golgi membrane
lecithinase A activity
EC:3.1.1.4
phosphatidase activity
EC:3.1.1.4
phosphatidolipase activity
EC:3.1.1.4
phosphatidylcholine 2-acylhydrolase activity
EC:3.1.1.4
Catalysis of the reaction: a phosphatidylcholine + H2O = choline + a phosphatidate.
EC:3.1.4.4
MetaCyc:PHOSCHOL-RXN
RHEA:14445
Reactome:R-HSA-1483142
Reactome:R-HSA-1483182
Reactome:R-HSA-2029471
molecular_function
choline phosphatase activity
lecithinase D activity
lipophosphodiesterase II activity
phosphatidylcholine phosphatidohydrolase activity
GO:0004630
phospholipase D activity
Catalysis of the reaction: a phosphatidylcholine + H2O = choline + a phosphatidate.
EC:3.1.4.4
Reactome:R-HSA-1483142
PC is transphosphatidylated to PG by PLD1-4/6
Reactome:R-HSA-1483182
PC is hydrolyzed to PA and choline by PLD1/2
Reactome:R-HSA-2029471
Hydrolysis of PC to PA by PLD
choline phosphatase activity
EC:3.1.4.4
lecithinase D activity
EC:3.1.4.4
lipophosphodiesterase II activity
EC:3.1.4.4
phosphatidylcholine phosphatidohydrolase activity
EC:3.1.4.4
Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + sphingomyelin = ceramide + choline phosphate + H+.
GO:0030230
GO:0030231
EC:3.1.4.12
KEGG_REACTION:R02541
MetaCyc:SPHINGOMYELIN-PHOSPHODIESTERASE-RXN
RHEA:19253
Reactome:R-HSA-1605797
Reactome:R-HSA-1606273
Reactome:R-HSA-1606288
Reactome:R-HSA-1640164
Reactome:R-HSA-193706
sphingomyelinase activity
molecular_function
sphingomyelin cholinephosphohydrolase activity
GO:0004767
sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + sphingomyelin = ceramide + choline phosphate + H+.
EC:3.1.4.12
RHEA:19253
Reactome:R-HSA-1605797
Sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase (SMPD1) hydrolyses sphingomyelin to ceramide (lysosome)
Reactome:R-HSA-1606273
Sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 2 and 3 (SMPD2 and 3) hydrolyse sphingomyelin to ceramide (plasma membrane)
Reactome:R-HSA-1606288
Sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 4 (SMPD4) hydrolyses sphingomyelin to ceramide (ER membrane)
Reactome:R-HSA-1640164
Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 7 (ENPP7) hydrolyses sphingomyelin
Reactome:R-HSA-193706
Production of ceramide which can activate JNK and other targets
sphingomyelin cholinephosphohydrolase activity
EC:3.1.4.12
Catalysis of the reaction: a steryl ester + H2O = a sterol + a fatty acid.
EC:3.1.1.13
MetaCyc:STEROL-ESTERASE-RXN
RHEA:10100
Reactome:R-HSA-192417
Reactome:R-HSA-6813720
Reactome:R-HSA-8865667
cholesterol ester synthase activity
cholesterol esterase activity
molecular_function
acylcholesterol lipase activity
cholesterase activity
cholesterol ester hydrolase activity
cholesteryl ester hydrolase activity
cholesteryl ester synthase activity
cholesteryl esterase activity
sterol ester hydrolase activity
steryl-ester acylhydrolase activity
triterpenol esterase activity
GO:0004771
sterol esterase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: a steryl ester + H2O = a sterol + a fatty acid.
EC:3.1.1.13
Reactome:R-HSA-192417
Digestion of cholesterol esters by extracellular CEL (bile salt-dependent lipase)
Reactome:R-HSA-6813720
NCEH1 hydrolyzes cholesterol esters
Reactome:R-HSA-8865667
LIPA hydrolyses sterol esters to sterols and fatty acids
cholesterol ester synthase activity
EC:3.1.1.13
cholesterol esterase activity
EC:3.1.1.13
acylcholesterol lipase activity
EC:3.1.1.13
cholesterase activity
EC:3.1.1.13
cholesterol ester hydrolase activity
EC:3.1.1.13
cholesteryl ester hydrolase activity
EC:3.1.1.13
cholesteryl ester synthase activity
EC:3.1.1.13
cholesteryl esterase activity
EC:3.1.1.13
sterol ester hydrolase activity
EC:3.1.1.13
steryl-ester acylhydrolase activity
EC:3.1.1.13
triterpenol esterase activity
EC:3.1.1.13
Catalysis of the reaction: triacylglycerol + H2O = diacylglycerol + a carboxylate.
EC:3.1.1.3
MetaCyc:TRIACYLGLYCEROL-LIPASE-RXN
RHEA:12044
Reactome:R-HSA-1482777
Reactome:R-HSA-163551
Reactome:R-HSA-5694109
Reactome:R-HSA-8848338
Reactome:R-HSA-8848339
TAG activity
heparin releasable hepatic lipase
hepatic lipase
hepatic monoacylglycerol acyltransferase
liver lipase
post-heparin plasma protamine-resistant lipase
salt-resistant post-heparin lipase
molecular_function
GA 56
GEH
PPL
amano AP
amano B
amano CE
amano CES
amano P
amno N-AP
butyrinase activity
cacordase activity
capalase L
glycerol ester hydrolase activity
glycerol-ester hydrolase activity
lipazin
meito MY 30
meito sangyo OF lipase
steapsin
takedo 1969-4-9
triacetinase activity
triacylglycerol acylhydrolase activity
triacylglycerol ester hydrolase activity
triacylglycerol lipase activity
tributyrase activity
tributyrin esterase activity
tributyrinase activity
triglyceridase activity
triglyceride hydrolase activity
triolein hydrolase activity
tween hydrolase activity
tween-hydrolyzing esterase activity
tweenase activity
tweenesterase activity
GO:0004806
triglyceride lipase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: triacylglycerol + H2O = diacylglycerol + a carboxylate.
EC:3.1.1.3
Reactome:R-HSA-1482777
TAG is hydrolyzed to DAG by PNPLA2/3
Reactome:R-HSA-163551
triacylglycerol + H2O -> diacylglycerol + fatty acid
Reactome:R-HSA-5694109
LIPC dimer hydrolyses TAG to DAG and FA
Reactome:R-HSA-8848338
PNPLA4 hydrolyzes TAG
Reactome:R-HSA-8848339
PNPLA5 hydrolyzes TAG
TAG activity
PMID:16054079
heparin releasable hepatic lipase
EC:3.1.1.3
hepatic lipase
EC:3.1.1.3
hepatic monoacylglycerol acyltransferase
EC:3.1.1.3
liver lipase
EC:3.1.1.3
post-heparin plasma protamine-resistant lipase
EC:3.1.1.3
salt-resistant post-heparin lipase
EC:3.1.1.3
GA 56
EC:3.1.1.3
GEH
EC:3.1.1.3
PPL
EC:3.1.1.3
amano AP
EC:3.1.1.3
amano B
EC:3.1.1.3
amano CE
EC:3.1.1.3
amano CES
EC:3.1.1.3
amano P
EC:3.1.1.3
amno N-AP
EC:3.1.1.3
butyrinase activity
EC:3.1.1.3
cacordase activity
EC:3.1.1.3
capalase L
EC:3.1.1.3
glycerol ester hydrolase activity
EC:3.1.1.3
glycerol-ester hydrolase activity
EC:3.1.1.3
lipazin
EC:3.1.1.3
meito MY 30
EC:3.1.1.3
meito sangyo OF lipase
EC:3.1.1.3
steapsin
EC:3.1.1.3
takedo 1969-4-9
EC:3.1.1.3
triacetinase activity
EC:3.1.1.3
triacylglycerol acylhydrolase activity
EC:3.1.1.3
triacylglycerol ester hydrolase activity
EC:3.1.1.3
triacylglycerol lipase activity
EC:3.1.1.3
tributyrase activity
EC:3.1.1.3
tributyrin esterase activity
EC:3.1.1.3
tributyrinase activity
EC:3.1.1.3
triglyceridase activity
EC:3.1.1.3
triglyceride hydrolase activity
EC:3.1.1.3
triolein hydrolase activity
EC:3.1.1.3
tween hydrolase activity
EC:3.1.1.3
tween-hydrolyzing esterase activity
EC:3.1.1.3
tweenase activity
EC:3.1.1.3
tweenesterase activity
EC:3.1.1.3
Receiving an asialoglycoprotein, and delivering the asialoglycoprotein into the cell via endocytosis. An asialoglycoprotein is a plasma glycoproteins from which the terminal sialic acid residue on their complex carbohydrate groups has been removed. The asialoglycoprotein receptor recognizes the terminal galactose and N-acetylgalactosamine units of the asialoglycoprotein, the receptor-ligand complex is internalized and transported to a sorting organelle where disassociation occurs before the receptor is recycled to the cell membrane.
molecular_function
GO:0004873
asialoglycoprotein receptor activity
Receiving an asialoglycoprotein, and delivering the asialoglycoprotein into the cell via endocytosis. An asialoglycoprotein is a plasma glycoproteins from which the terminal sialic acid residue on their complex carbohydrate groups has been removed. The asialoglycoprotein receptor recognizes the terminal galactose and N-acetylgalactosamine units of the asialoglycoprotein, the receptor-ligand complex is internalized and transported to a sorting organelle where disassociation occurs before the receptor is recycled to the cell membrane.
GOC:bf
PMID:11278827
PMID:7624395
Wikipedia:Asialoglycoprotein
Combining with an extracellular signal and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.
GO:0001622
GO:0001623
GO:0001624
GO:0001625
GO:0016526
Reactome:R-HSA-114552
Reactome:R-HSA-114558
Reactome:R-HSA-167408
Wikipedia:GPCR
G protein coupled receptor activity
G protein linked receptor activity
G-protein coupled receptor activity
G-protein linked receptor activity
GPCR activity
ligand-dependent GPCR activity
receptor activity, G-protein coupled
EBV-induced receptor
Epstein-Barr Virus-induced receptor activity
G-protein coupled receptor activity, unknown ligand
Mas proto-oncogene receptor activity
RDC1 receptor activity
SREB receptor
orphan G protein coupled receptor activity
orphan G-protein coupled receptor activity
orphan GPCR activity
super conserved receptor expressed in brain receptor activity
molecular_function
GO:0004930
G protein-coupled receptor activity
Combining with an extracellular signal and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.
GOC:bf
Wikipedia:GPCR
http://www.iuphar-db.org
Reactome:R-HSA-114552
Thrombin-activated PARs activate G12/13
Reactome:R-HSA-114558
Thrombin-activated PARs activate Gq
Reactome:R-HSA-167408
The high affinity receptor complex binds to G-protein
receptor activity, G-protein coupled
GOC:bf
Combining with any modified low-density lipoprotein (LDL) or other polyanionic ligand and delivering the ligand into the cell via endocytosis. Ligands include acetylated and oxidized LDL, Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, apoptotic cells, amyloid-beta fibrils, and advanced glycation end products (AGEs).
macrophage receptor activity
molecular_function
GO:0005044
Note that many gene products that are called scavenger receptors have a broad range of potential ligands and also can be annotated to 'pattern recognition receptor activity ; GO:0038187' or its child terms, or to 'lipoprotein receptor activity ; GO:0030228' or its child terms. For receptors that transduce a signal rather than endocytose their ligand, consider instead the terms 'signaling receptor activity ; GO:0038023' and its children.
scavenger receptor activity
Combining with any modified low-density lipoprotein (LDL) or other polyanionic ligand and delivering the ligand into the cell via endocytosis. Ligands include acetylated and oxidized LDL, Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, apoptotic cells, amyloid-beta fibrils, and advanced glycation end products (AGEs).
GOC:bf
PMID:11790542
PMID:12379907
PMID:12621157
PMID:20981357
Stimulates the exchange of GDP to GTP on a signaling GTPase, changing its conformation to its active form. Guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) act by stimulating the release of guanosine diphosphate (GDP) to allow binding of guanosine triphosphate (GTP), which is more abundant in the cell under normal cellular physiological conditions.
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/18749
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/18750
GO:0005086
GO:0005087
GO:0005088
GO:0005089
GO:0005090
GO:0008321
GO:0008433
GO:0016219
GO:0016220
GO:0017034
GO:0017112
GO:0017132
GO:0019839
GO:0030676
Reactome:R-HSA-109807
Reactome:R-HSA-109817
Reactome:R-HSA-114544
Reactome:R-HSA-1168636
Reactome:R-HSA-1225951
Reactome:R-HSA-1225957
Reactome:R-HSA-1250383
Reactome:R-HSA-1250463
Reactome:R-HSA-1250498
Reactome:R-HSA-1306972
Reactome:R-HSA-1433415
Reactome:R-HSA-1433471
Reactome:R-HSA-156913
Reactome:R-HSA-169904
Reactome:R-HSA-170979
Reactome:R-HSA-171026
Reactome:R-HSA-177938
Reactome:R-HSA-177945
Reactome:R-HSA-180687
Reactome:R-HSA-186834
Reactome:R-HSA-187746
Reactome:R-HSA-194518
Reactome:R-HSA-2029445
Reactome:R-HSA-2029451
Reactome:R-HSA-2029467
Reactome:R-HSA-203977
Reactome:R-HSA-205039
Reactome:R-HSA-210977
Reactome:R-HSA-2179407
Reactome:R-HSA-2424476
Reactome:R-HSA-2424477
Reactome:R-HSA-2485180
Reactome:R-HSA-2730840
Reactome:R-HSA-350769
Reactome:R-HSA-354173
Reactome:R-HSA-379044
Reactome:R-HSA-379048
Reactome:R-HSA-380073
Reactome:R-HSA-389348
Reactome:R-HSA-389350
Reactome:R-HSA-392054
Reactome:R-HSA-392195
Reactome:R-HSA-3928592
Reactome:R-HSA-3928612
Reactome:R-HSA-3928628
Reactome:R-HSA-3928632
Reactome:R-HSA-3928633
Reactome:R-HSA-3928642
Reactome:R-HSA-3928651
Reactome:R-HSA-392870
Reactome:R-HSA-3965444
Reactome:R-HSA-399938
Reactome:R-HSA-399995
Reactome:R-HSA-4093336
Reactome:R-HSA-416530
Reactome:R-HSA-416588
Reactome:R-HSA-418579
Reactome:R-HSA-418850
Reactome:R-HSA-418856
Reactome:R-HSA-419166
Reactome:R-HSA-420883
Reactome:R-HSA-428535
Reactome:R-HSA-428750
Reactome:R-HSA-428917
Reactome:R-HSA-442273
Reactome:R-HSA-442291
Reactome:R-HSA-442314
Reactome:R-HSA-442732
Reactome:R-HSA-445064
Reactome:R-HSA-5218829
Reactome:R-HSA-5218839
Reactome:R-HSA-5218850
Reactome:R-HSA-5617816
Reactome:R-HSA-5623508
Reactome:R-HSA-5623521
Reactome:R-HSA-5637806
Reactome:R-HSA-5637808
Reactome:R-HSA-5654392
Reactome:R-HSA-5654402
Reactome:R-HSA-5654413
Reactome:R-HSA-5654426
Reactome:R-HSA-5654600
Reactome:R-HSA-5654618
Reactome:R-HSA-5654647
Reactome:R-HSA-5654663
Reactome:R-HSA-5655241
Reactome:R-HSA-5655277
Reactome:R-HSA-5655326
Reactome:R-HSA-5655347
Reactome:R-HSA-5672965
Reactome:R-HSA-5686071
Reactome:R-HSA-5686318
Reactome:R-HSA-5694409
Reactome:R-HSA-6807868
Reactome:R-HSA-6811414
Reactome:R-HSA-6811418
Reactome:R-HSA-6811429
Reactome:R-HSA-749453
Reactome:R-HSA-751029
Reactome:R-HSA-825631
Reactome:R-HSA-8848618
Reactome:R-HSA-8850041
Reactome:R-HSA-8851827
Reactome:R-HSA-8851877
Reactome:R-HSA-8851899
Reactome:R-HSA-8875318
Reactome:R-HSA-8875320
Reactome:R-HSA-8875568
Reactome:R-HSA-8875591
Reactome:R-HSA-8876188
Reactome:R-HSA-8876190
Reactome:R-HSA-8876191
Reactome:R-HSA-8876193
Reactome:R-HSA-8876454
Reactome:R-HSA-8876615
Reactome:R-HSA-8876616
Reactome:R-HSA-8876837
Reactome:R-HSA-8877308
Reactome:R-HSA-8877311
Reactome:R-HSA-8877451
Reactome:R-HSA-8877475
Reactome:R-HSA-8877612
Reactome:R-HSA-8877760
Reactome:R-HSA-8877813
Reactome:R-HSA-8877998
Reactome:R-HSA-8964604
Reactome:R-HSA-8980691
Reactome:R-HSA-8982637
Reactome:R-HSA-8982640
Reactome:R-HSA-9013023
Reactome:R-HSA-9013109
Reactome:R-HSA-9013143
Reactome:R-HSA-9013159
Reactome:R-HSA-9013435
Reactome:R-HSA-9014296
Reactome:R-HSA-9014433
Reactome:R-HSA-9017491
Reactome:R-HSA-9018747
Reactome:R-HSA-9018768
Reactome:R-HSA-9018804
Reactome:R-HSA-9018817
Reactome:R-HSA-9018825
Reactome:R-HSA-9026891
Reactome:R-HSA-9029158
Reactome:R-HSA-9032067
Reactome:R-HSA-9032798
Reactome:R-HSA-9033292
Reactome:R-HSA-9036301
Reactome:R-HSA-939265
Reactome:R-HSA-9607304
Reactome:R-HSA-9619803
Reactome:R-HSA-9624845
Reactome:R-HSA-9634418
Reactome:R-HSA-9639286
Reactome:R-HSA-9640167
Reactome:R-HSA-9660824
Reactome:R-HSA-9664991
Reactome:R-HSA-9665009
Reactome:R-HSA-9665404
Reactome:R-HSA-9665408
Reactome:R-HSA-9665700
Reactome:R-HSA-9665707
Reactome:R-HSA-9666428
Reactome:R-HSA-9666430
Reactome:R-HSA-9670436
Reactome:R-HSA-9672163
Reactome:R-HSA-9672170
Reactome:R-HSA-9680385
Reactome:R-HSA-9693111
Reactome:R-HSA-9695853
Reactome:R-HSA-9703441
Reactome:R-HSA-9751201
GDP-dissociation stimulator activity
GDS
GEF
Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor
RhoGEF
guanyl-nucleotide release factor activity
guanyl-nucleotide releasing factor
ARF guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity
GNRP
Rab guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity
Rac guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity
Ral guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity
Ran guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity
Rap guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity
Ras guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity
Rho guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity
Sar guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity
cAMP-dependent guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity
molecular_function
GO:0005085
guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity
Stimulates the exchange of GDP to GTP on a signaling GTPase, changing its conformation to its active form. Guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) act by stimulating the release of guanosine diphosphate (GDP) to allow binding of guanosine triphosphate (GTP), which is more abundant in the cell under normal cellular physiological conditions.
GOC:kd
GOC:mah
PMID:23303910
PMID:27218782
Reactome:R-HSA-109807
GRB2:SOS:p-Y427-SHC1 mediated nucleotide exchange of RAS
Reactome:R-HSA-109817
GRB2:SOS1:p-Y-IRS1,p-Y-IRS2 mediated nucleotide exchange of RAS
Reactome:R-HSA-114544
p115-RhoGEF activation of RHOA
Reactome:R-HSA-1168636
p-RasGRP1,3:DAG cause RAS to exchange GDP for GTP
Reactome:R-HSA-1225951
SOS-mediated nucleotide exchange of RAS (mediated by GRB2:SOS1 in complex with ligand-responsive p-6Y-EGFR mutants)
Reactome:R-HSA-1225957
SOS-mediated nucleotide exchange of RAS (mediated by GRB2:SOS1 in complex with phosphorylated SHC1 and ligand-responsive p-6Y-EGFR mutants)
Reactome:R-HSA-1250383
RAS guanyl-nucleotide exchange mediated by SOS1 in complex with GRB2 and p-Y349,350-SHC1:p-ERBB4
Reactome:R-HSA-1250463
RAS guanyl-nucleotide exchange mediated by SOS1 in complex with GRB2 and p-SHC1:Phosphorylated ERBB2 heterodimers
Reactome:R-HSA-1250498
RAS guanyl-nucleotide exchange mediated by SOS1 in complex with GRB2 and phosphorylated EGFR:ERBB2 heterodimers.
Reactome:R-HSA-1306972
RAS guanyl nucleotide exchange mediated by SOS1 bound to GRB2 in complex with phosphorylated ERBB4:ERBB2 heterodimers
Reactome:R-HSA-1433415
Activation of RAC1
Reactome:R-HSA-1433471
Activation of RAS by p-KIT bound SOS1
Reactome:R-HSA-156913
Regeneration of eEF1A:GTP by eEF1B activity
Reactome:R-HSA-169904
C3G stimulates nucleotide exchange on Rap1
Reactome:R-HSA-170979
(Frs2)C3G stimulates nucleotide exchange on Rap1
Reactome:R-HSA-171026
Guanine nucleotide exchange on RAL
Reactome:R-HSA-177938
SOS1-mediated nucleotide exchange of RAS (EGF:EGFR:GRB2:SOS1)
Reactome:R-HSA-177945
SOS1-mediated nucleotide exchange of RAS (EGF:EGFR:SHC1:GRB2:SOS1)
Reactome:R-HSA-180687
Conversion of Ran-GDP to Ran-GTP
Reactome:R-HSA-186834
SOS-mediated nucleotide exchange on RAS (PDGF receptor:GRB2:SOS)
Reactome:R-HSA-187746
RIT/RIN are activated
Reactome:R-HSA-194518
RhoA is activated by nucleotide exchange and inhibits axonal growth
Reactome:R-HSA-2029445
An unknown GEF exchanges GTP for GDP on CDC42:GDP
Reactome:R-HSA-2029451
Activation of RAC1 by VAV
Reactome:R-HSA-2029467
Activation of RAC1 by CRKII:DOCK180:ELMO
Reactome:R-HSA-203977
SAR1 Activation And Membrane Binding
Reactome:R-HSA-205039
p75NTR indirectly activates RAC and Cdc42 via a guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor
Reactome:R-HSA-210977
Sos-mediated nucleotide exchange of Ras (Tie2 receptor:Grb2:Sos)
Reactome:R-HSA-2179407
SOS1-mediated nucleotide exchange of RAS (HB-EFG-initiated)
Reactome:R-HSA-2424476
Activation of RAC1 by VAV2/3
Reactome:R-HSA-2424477
SOS mediated nucleotide exchange of RAS (SHC)
Reactome:R-HSA-2485180
MII catalyses GDP/GTP exchange on Gt
Reactome:R-HSA-2730840
Activation of RAC1 by VAV
Reactome:R-HSA-350769
trans-Golgi Network Coat Activation
Reactome:R-HSA-354173
Activation of Rap1 by cytosolic GEFs
Reactome:R-HSA-379044
Liganded Gs-activating GPCR acts as a GEF for Gs
Reactome:R-HSA-379048
Liganded Gq/11-activating GPCRs act as GEFs for Gq/11
Reactome:R-HSA-380073
Liganded Gi-activating GPCR acts as a GEF for Gi
Reactome:R-HSA-389348
Activation of Rac1 by pVav1
Reactome:R-HSA-389350
Activation of Cdc42 by pVav1
Reactome:R-HSA-392054
NCAM1:pFAK:Grb2:Sos-mediated nucleotide exchange of Ras
Reactome:R-HSA-392195
Gi activation by P2Y purinoceptor 12
Reactome:R-HSA-3928592
p190RhoGEF exchanges GTP for GDP on RHOA, activating it
Reactome:R-HSA-3928612
KALRN exchanges GTP for GDP on RAC1, activating it
Reactome:R-HSA-3928628
VAV exchanges GTP for GDP on RAC1, activating it
Reactome:R-HSA-3928632
ITSN1 exchanges GTP for GDP on CDC42, activating it
Reactome:R-HSA-3928633
bPIX exchanges GTP for GDP on RAC, activating it
Reactome:R-HSA-3928642
TIAM1 exchanges GTP for GDP on RAC1, activating it
Reactome:R-HSA-3928651
NGEF exchanges GTP for GDP on RHOA
Reactome:R-HSA-392870
Gs activation by prostacyclin receptor
Reactome:R-HSA-3965444
WNT:FZD complex promotes G-protein nucleotide exchange
Reactome:R-HSA-399938
Activation of Rac1 by FARP2
Reactome:R-HSA-399995
Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor M3 activates Gq
Reactome:R-HSA-4093336
p-TIAM1 exchanges GTP for GDP on RAC1, activating it
Reactome:R-HSA-416530
FFAR1:FFAR1 ligands activates Gq
Reactome:R-HSA-416588
Activation of Rho by LARG and PDZ-RhoGEF
Reactome:R-HSA-418579
Gq activation by P2Y purinoceptor 1
Reactome:R-HSA-418850
Activation of Cdc42
Reactome:R-HSA-418856
Activation of Rac1
Reactome:R-HSA-419166
GEFs activate RhoA,B,C
Reactome:R-HSA-420883
Opsins act as GEFs for G alpha-t
Reactome:R-HSA-428535
Activation of RAC1 by SOS
Reactome:R-HSA-428750
Gq activation by TP receptor
Reactome:R-HSA-428917
G13 activation by TP receptor
Reactome:R-HSA-442273
VAV1 is a GEF for Rho/Rac family GTPases
Reactome:R-HSA-442291
VAV2 is a GEF for Rho/Rac family kinases
Reactome:R-HSA-442314
VAV3 is a GEF for Rho/Rac family kinases
Reactome:R-HSA-442732
NMDA-activated RASGRF1 activates RAS
Reactome:R-HSA-445064
Activation of Rac1 by VAV2
Reactome:R-HSA-5218829
VEGF induces CDC42 activation by unknown mechanism
Reactome:R-HSA-5218839
DOCK180:ELMO exchanges GTP for GDP, activating RAC1
Reactome:R-HSA-5218850
VAV exchanges GTP for GDP on RAC1, activating it
Reactome:R-HSA-5617816
RAB3IP stimulates nucleotide exchange on RAB8A
Reactome:R-HSA-5623508
GBF1 stimulates nucleotide exchange on ARF4
Reactome:R-HSA-5623521
RAB3IP stimulates nucleotide exchange on RAB8A
Reactome:R-HSA-5637806
SOS-mediated nucleotide exchange of RAS (mediated by GRB2:SOS1 in complex with p-EGFRvIII)
Reactome:R-HSA-5637808
SOS-mediated nucleotide exchange of RAS (mediated by GRB2:SOS1 in complex with phosphorylated SHC1 and p-EGFRvIII)
Reactome:R-HSA-5654392
Activated FGFR1:p-FRS:GRB2:SOS1 activates RAS nucleotide exchange
Reactome:R-HSA-5654402
Activated FGFR2:p-SHC1:GRB2:SOS1 activates RAS nucleotide exchange
Reactome:R-HSA-5654413
Activated FGFR3:p-FRS2:GRB2:SOS1 activates RAS nucleotide exchange
Reactome:R-HSA-5654426
Activated FGFR4:p-SHC1:GRB2:SOS1 activates RAS nucleotide exchange
Reactome:R-HSA-5654600
Activated FGFR1:p-SHC1:GRB2:SOS1 activates RAS nucleotide exchange
Reactome:R-HSA-5654618
Activated FGFR2:p-FRS2:GRB2:SOS1 activates RAS nucleotide exchange
Reactome:R-HSA-5654647
Activated FGFR3:p-SHC1:GRB2:SOS1 activates RAS nucleotide exchange
Reactome:R-HSA-5654663
Activated FGFR4:p-FRS2:GRB2:SOS1 activates RAS nucleotide exchange
Reactome:R-HSA-5655241
Activated FGFR2 mutants:p-FRS2:GRB2:SOS1 activates RAS nucleotide exchange
Reactome:R-HSA-5655277
Activated FGFR3 point, translocation and fusion mutants:p-FRS2:GRB2:SOS1 activates RAS nucleotide exchange
Reactome:R-HSA-5655326
Activated FGFR1 mutants:p-FRS2:GRB2:SOS1 activates RAS nucleotide exchange
Reactome:R-HSA-5655347
Activated FGFR4 mutants:p-FRS2:GRB2:SOS1 activates RAS nucleotide exchange
Reactome:R-HSA-5672965
RAS GEFs promote RAS nucleotide exchange
Reactome:R-HSA-5686071
GRB2-1:SOS1:p-Y-SHC mediated nucleotide exchange of RAS
Reactome:R-HSA-5686318
GRB2-1:SOS1:p-3Y-SHC1 mediated nucleotide exchange of RAS
Reactome:R-HSA-5694409
Nucleotide exchange on RAB1
Reactome:R-HSA-6807868
GBF1 stimulates ARF nucleotide exchange
Reactome:R-HSA-6811414
GBF1 stimulates nucleotide exchange on ARF
Reactome:R-HSA-6811418
ARFGAPs stimulate ARF GTPase activity at the Golgi membrane
Reactome:R-HSA-6811429
RIC1:RGP1 stimulates nucleotide RAB6 nucleotide exchange
Reactome:R-HSA-749453
Liganded Gz-activating GPCR acts as a GEF for Gz
Reactome:R-HSA-751029
Liganded G12/13-activating GPCR acts as a GEF for G12/13
Reactome:R-HSA-825631
Glucagon:GCGR mediates GTP-GDP exchange
Reactome:R-HSA-8848618
Activation of RAC1 by the PXN:CRK complex
Reactome:R-HSA-8850041
RAB3GAP1:RAB3GAP2 promotes nucleotide exchange on RAB18
Reactome:R-HSA-8851827
RAS guanyl nucleotide exchange by MET-bound GRB2:SOS1
Reactome:R-HSA-8851877
RAS guanyl nucleotide exchange by SOS1 associated with RANBP9 and MET
Reactome:R-HSA-8851899
RAS guanyl nucleotide exchange by SOS1 bound to GRB2, SCH1-2 and MET
Reactome:R-HSA-8875318
RAB3 GEFs exchange GTP for GDP on RAB3A
Reactome:R-HSA-8875320
RAB5 GEFs exchange GTP for GDP on RAB5
Reactome:R-HSA-8875568
RAPGEF1 activates RAP1
Reactome:R-HSA-8875591
DOCK7 activates RAC1
Reactome:R-HSA-8876188
DENND4s exchange GTP for GDP on RAB10
Reactome:R-HSA-8876190
RAB8 GEFs exchange GTP for GDP on RAB8
Reactome:R-HSA-8876191
RAB9 GEFs exchange GTP for GDP on RAB9
Reactome:R-HSA-8876193
RIC1-RGP1 exchanges GTP for GDP on RAB6
Reactome:R-HSA-8876454
DENND3 exchanges GTP for GDP on RAB12
Reactome:R-HSA-8876615
RAB13 GEFs exchange GTP for GDP on RAB13
Reactome:R-HSA-8876616
DENND6A,B exchange GTP for GDP on RAB14
Reactome:R-HSA-8876837
RAB21 GEFs exchange GTP for GDP on RAB21
Reactome:R-HSA-8877308
MADD exchanges GTP for GDP on RAB27
Reactome:R-HSA-8877311
RAB31 GEFs exchange GTP for GDP on RAB31
Reactome:R-HSA-8877451
MON1:CCZ1 exchanges GTP for GDP on RAB7
Reactome:R-HSA-8877475
TRAPPC complexes exchange GTP for GDP on RAB1
Reactome:R-HSA-8877612
DENND1s exchange GTP for GDP on RAB35
Reactome:R-HSA-8877760
HPS1:HPS4 exchange GTP for GDP on RAB32 and RAB38
Reactome:R-HSA-8877813
DENND5A,B exchange GTP for GDP on RAB39
Reactome:R-HSA-8877998
RAB3GAP1:RAB3GAP2 exchanges GTP for GDP on RAB18
Reactome:R-HSA-8964604
CDC42 in GNB/GNG:PAK1:ARHGEF6:CDC42 is activated
Reactome:R-HSA-8980691
RHOA GEFs activate RHOA
Reactome:R-HSA-8982637
Opsins binds G alpha-t
Reactome:R-HSA-8982640
G-alpha(t):G-beta-gamma:Opsins complex dissociates to active G-alpha(t)
Reactome:R-HSA-9013023
RHOB GEFs activate RHOB
Reactome:R-HSA-9013109
RHOC GEFs activate RHOC
Reactome:R-HSA-9013143
RAC1 GEFs activate RAC1
Reactome:R-HSA-9013159
CDC42 GEFs activate CDC42
Reactome:R-HSA-9013435
RHOD auto-activates
Reactome:R-HSA-9014296
RAC2 GEFs activate RAC2
Reactome:R-HSA-9014433
RHOG GEFs activate RHOG
Reactome:R-HSA-9017491
RHOJ GEFs activate RHOJ
Reactome:R-HSA-9018747
RHOQ GEFs activate RHOQ
Reactome:R-HSA-9018768
RHOU auto-activates
Reactome:R-HSA-9018804
RAC3 GEFs activate RAC3
Reactome:R-HSA-9018817
RHOT1 GEFs activate RHOT1
Reactome:R-HSA-9018825
RHOT2 GEFs activate RHOT2
Reactome:R-HSA-9026891
NTRK2 activates RAS signaling through SHC1
Reactome:R-HSA-9029158
EPO:phospho-EPOR:phospho-JAK2:LYN:IRS2:phospho-CRKL:RAPGEF1:GRB2-1:SOS1,phospho-VAV1 mediates exchange of GTP for GDP bound to RAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9032067
NTRK2 activates RAS signaling through FRS2
Reactome:R-HSA-9032798
DOCK3 activates RAC1
Reactome:R-HSA-9033292
NTRK2 and CDK5 promote activation of RAC1 by TIAM1
Reactome:R-HSA-9036301
ESTG stimulates GTP exchange on GPER:heterotrimeric G-protein s
Reactome:R-HSA-939265
Activation of Rap1 by membrane-associated GEFs
Reactome:R-HSA-9607304
SOS1-mediated nucleotide exchange of RAS downstream of FLT3
Reactome:R-HSA-9619803
p-S516-ARHGEF7 activates RAC1
Reactome:R-HSA-9624845
RCC1 stimulates GDP to GTP exchange on RAN
Reactome:R-HSA-9634418
RAS guanyl-nucleotide exchange mediated by SOS1 in complex with GRB2 and ERBB2 homodimer:p-SHC1
Reactome:R-HSA-9639286
RRAGC,D exchanges GTP for GDP
Reactome:R-HSA-9640167
RRAGA,B exchanges GDP for GTP
Reactome:R-HSA-9660824
ADORA2B (in Ade-Rib:ADORA2B:Heterotrimeric G-protein Gs) exchanges GDP for GTP on Gs
Reactome:R-HSA-9664991
RAS activation by SOS1 bound to phosphorylated heterodimers of ERBB2 KD mutants
Reactome:R-HSA-9665009
RAS activation by SOS1 bound to phosphorylated heterodimers of ERBB2 KD mutants and EGFR
Reactome:R-HSA-9665404
RAS guanyl nucleotide exchange mediated by the p-6Y- ERBB2 ECD mutants:EGF:p-6Y-EGFR:p-SHC1:GRB2:SOS1
Reactome:R-HSA-9665408
RAS activation by SOS1 bound to phosphorylated heterodimers of ERBB2 ECD mutants and EGFR through GRB2
Reactome:R-HSA-9665700
RAS activation by SOS1 bound to phosphorylated heterodimers of ERBB2 TMD/JMD mutants
Reactome:R-HSA-9665707
RAS activation by SOS1 bound to phosphorylated heterodimers of ERBB2 TMD/JMD mutants and EGFR
Reactome:R-HSA-9666428
DOCK180 exchanges GTP for GDP on RAC1:GDP
Reactome:R-HSA-9666430
p-VAV1,2,3 exchanges GTP for GDP on RAC1:GDP
Reactome:R-HSA-9670436
p-KIT mutants:GRB2:SOS catalyzes nucleotide exchange on RAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9672163
SOS-mediated nucleotide exchange on RAS downstream of PDGFRA extracellular domain dimers
Reactome:R-HSA-9672170
SOS-mediated nucleotide exchange of RAS downstream of mutant PDGFR receptors
Reactome:R-HSA-9680385
CSF1R-associated SOS1 mediates exchange of GTP for GDP bound to RAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9693111
RHOF auto-activates
Reactome:R-HSA-9695853
FLT3 mutants:GRB2:SOS1-mediated nucleotide exchange on RAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9703441
SOS1-mediated nucleotide exchange of RAS downstream of FLT3 fusion mutants
Reactome:R-HSA-9751201
p-VAV1,2,3 exchange 6TGTP for GDP on RAC1
Binding to one or more specific sites on a receptor molecule, a macromolecule that undergoes combination with a hormone, neurotransmitter, drug or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell function.
receptor binding
Wikipedia:Ligand_(biochemistry)
receptor ligand
molecular_function
receptor-associated protein activity
GO:0005102
Where appropriate, also consider annotating to 'receptor agonist activity ; GO:0048018'.
signaling receptor binding
Binding to one or more specific sites on a receptor molecule, a macromolecule that undergoes combination with a hormone, neurotransmitter, drug or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell function.
GOC:bf
GOC:ceb
ISBN:0198506732
Binding to a frizzled (fz) receptor.
GO:0005110
fz binding
frizzled ligand
frizzled-2 binding
frizzled-2 ligand
fz ligand
fz2 binding
fz2 ligand
molecular_function
GO:0005109
frizzled binding
Binding to a frizzled (fz) receptor.
GOC:ceb
Binding to a member of the death receptor (DR) family. The DR family falls within the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily and is characterized by a cytoplasmic region of ~80 residues termed the death domain (DD).
APO binding
DR binding
EDAR binding
FAS binding
KILLER binding
NGFR binding
TNFR1 binding
TRAIL binding
death receptor ligand
molecular_function
death receptor adaptor protein activity
death receptor interacting protein activity
death receptor-associated factor activity
GO:0005123
death receptor binding
Binding to a member of the death receptor (DR) family. The DR family falls within the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily and is characterized by a cytoplasmic region of ~80 residues termed the death domain (DD).
GOC:ceb
GOC:rl
PMID:15654015
APO binding
GOC:rl
DR binding
GOC:rl
EDAR binding
GOC:rl
FAS binding
GOC:rl
KILLER binding
GOC:rl
NGFR binding
GOC:rl
TNFR1 binding
GOC:rl
TRAIL binding
GOC:rl
The activity of a soluble extracellular gene product that interacts with a receptor to effect a change in the activity of the receptor to control the survival, growth, differentiation and effector function of tissues and cells.
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/19116
molecular_function
autocrine activity
paracrine activity
GO:0005125
cytokine activity
The activity of a soluble extracellular gene product that interacts with a receptor to effect a change in the activity of the receptor to control the survival, growth, differentiation and effector function of tissues and cells.
ISBN:0198599471
PMID:11530802
autocrine activity
GOC:rl
paracrine activity
GOC:rl
Binding to an interleukin-5 receptor.
IL-5
interleukin-5 receptor ligand
molecular_function
GO:0005137
interleukin-5 receptor binding
Binding to an interleukin-5 receptor.
GOC:ai
Binding to an interleukin-6 receptor.
IL-6
interleukin-6 receptor ligand
molecular_function
GO:0005138
interleukin-6 receptor binding
Binding to an interleukin-6 receptor.
GOC:ai
Binding to an interleukin-8 receptor.
IL-8
interleukin-8 receptor ligand
molecular_function
GO:0005153
interleukin-8 receptor binding
Binding to an interleukin-8 receptor.
GOC:go_curators
Binding to an epidermal growth factor receptor.
GO:0008185
EGF receptor binding
EGFR binding
TGF-alpha receptor binding
TGFalpha receptor binding
transforming growth factor alpha receptor binding
EGF
EGF receptor ligand
epidermal growth factor
epidermal growth factor receptor ligand
transforming growth factor alpha
transforming growth factor alpha receptor ligand
molecular_function
GO:0005154
epidermal growth factor receptor binding
Binding to an epidermal growth factor receptor.
GOC:ai
Binding to a tumor necrosis factor receptor.
TNF receptor binding
tumor necrosis factor
tumor necrosis factor receptor ligand
molecular_function
GO:0005164
tumor necrosis factor receptor binding
Binding to a tumor necrosis factor receptor.
GOC:ai
Binding to an integrin.
integrin ligand
molecular_function
GO:0005178
integrin binding
Binding to an integrin.
GOC:ceb
The action characteristic of a hormone, any substance formed in very small amounts in one specialized organ or group of cells and carried (sometimes in the bloodstream) to another organ or group of cells in the same organism, upon which it has a specific regulatory action. The term was originally applied to agents with a stimulatory physiological action in vertebrate animals (as opposed to a chalone, which has a depressant action). Usage is now extended to regulatory compounds in lower animals and plants, and to synthetic substances having comparable effects; all bind receptors and trigger some biological process.
cAMP generating peptide activity
glycopeptide hormone
lipopeptide hormone
peptide hormone
molecular_function
GO:0005179
Also consider annotating to 'receptor agonist activity ; GO:0048018'.
hormone activity
The action characteristic of a hormone, any substance formed in very small amounts in one specialized organ or group of cells and carried (sometimes in the bloodstream) to another organ or group of cells in the same organism, upon which it has a specific regulatory action. The term was originally applied to agents with a stimulatory physiological action in vertebrate animals (as opposed to a chalone, which has a depressant action). Usage is now extended to regulatory compounds in lower animals and plants, and to synthetic substances having comparable effects; all bind receptors and trigger some biological process.
GOC:dph
GOC:mah
ISBN:0198506732
The action characteristic of a neuropeptide hormone, any peptide hormone that acts in the central nervous system. A neuropeptide is any of several types of molecules found in brain tissue, composed of short chains of amino acids; they include endorphins, enkephalins, vasopressin, and others. They are often localized in axon terminals at synapses and are classified as putative neurotransmitters, although some are also hormones.
Wikipedia:Neurohormone
neurohormone
molecular_function
GO:0005184
neuropeptide hormone activity
The action characteristic of a neuropeptide hormone, any peptide hormone that acts in the central nervous system. A neuropeptide is any of several types of molecules found in brain tissue, composed of short chains of amino acids; they include endorphins, enkephalins, vasopressin, and others. They are often localized in axon terminals at synapses and are classified as putative neurotransmitters, although some are also hormones.
GOC:mah
The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of a complex.
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/24130
molecular_function
GO:0005198
structural molecule activity
The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of a complex.
GOC:mah
GOC:vw
Enables the directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells.
GO:0005478
Reactome:R-HSA-168313
Reactome:R-HSA-178215
molecular_function
carrier
GO:0005215
Some transporters, such as certain members of the SLC family, are referred to as 'carriers'; however GO uses carrier with a different meaning: a carrier binds to and transports the substance (see GO:0140104 molecular carrier activity), whereas a transporter forms some pore that allows the passing of molecules.
transporter activity
Enables the directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells.
GOC:ai
GOC:dgf
Reactome:R-HSA-168313
Virion-associated M2 protein mediated ion infusion
Reactome:R-HSA-178215
SMAD7:SMURF1 complex is exported to the cytosol
Acting as a marker to identify a membrane and interacting selectively with one or more SNAREs on another membrane to mediate membrane fusion.
GO:0005485
GO:0005486
SNARE
Q-SNARE activity
R-SNARE activity
SNAP-25
t-SNARE activity
v-SNARE activity
molecular_function
GO:0005484
SNAP receptor activity
Acting as a marker to identify a membrane and interacting selectively with one or more SNAREs on another membrane to mediate membrane fusion.
GOC:mah
PMID:14570579
Binding to a protein.
GO:0001948
GO:0045308
protein amino acid binding
glycoprotein binding
molecular_function
GO:0005515
protein binding
Binding to a protein.
GOC:go_curators
Binding to calmodulin, a calcium-binding protein with many roles, both in the calcium-bound and calcium-free states.
molecular_function
GO:0005516
calmodulin binding
Binding to calmodulin, a calcium-binding protein with many roles, both in the calcium-bound and calcium-free states.
GOC:krc
Binding to an insulin-like growth factor, any member of a group of polypeptides that are structurally homologous to insulin and share many of its biological activities, but are immunologically distinct from it.
IGF binding
molecular_function
GO:0005520
insulin-like growth factor binding
Binding to an insulin-like growth factor, any member of a group of polypeptides that are structurally homologous to insulin and share many of its biological activities, but are immunologically distinct from it.
ISBN:0198506732
Binding to mannose, a monosaccharide hexose, stereoisomeric with glucose, that occurs naturally only in polymerized forms called mannans.
Reactome:R-HSA-947991
molecular_function
mannose binding lectin
GO:0005537
mannose binding
Binding to mannose, a monosaccharide hexose, stereoisomeric with glucose, that occurs naturally only in polymerized forms called mannans.
GOC:jl
ISBN:0192800981
Reactome:R-HSA-947991
Transport of glycoproteins with Man8 (or Man9) N-glycans to the Golgi
Binding to a glycan (polysaccharide) containing a substantial proportion of aminomonosaccharide residues.
molecular_function
GO:0005539
glycosaminoglycan binding
Binding to a glycan (polysaccharide) containing a substantial proportion of aminomonosaccharide residues.
GOC:jl
ISBN:0198506732
A location, relative to cellular compartments and structures, occupied by a macromolecular machine. There are three types of cellular components described in the gene ontology: (1) the cellular anatomical entity where a gene product carries out a molecular function (e.g., plasma membrane, cytoskeleton) or membrane-enclosed compartments (e.g., mitochondrion); (2) virion components, where viral proteins act, and (3) the stable macromolecular complexes of which gene product are parts (e.g., the clathrin complex).
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/17729
GO:0008372
NIF_Subcellular:sao1337158144
cell or subcellular entity
cellular component
cellular_component
subcellular entity
GO:0005575
Note that, in addition to forming the root of the cellular component ontology, this term is recommended for the annotation of gene products whose cellular component is unknown. When this term is used for annotation, it indicates that no information was available about the cellular component of the gene product annotated as of the date the annotation was made; the evidence code 'no data' (ND), is used to indicate this.
cellular_component
A location, relative to cellular compartments and structures, occupied by a macromolecular machine. There are three types of cellular components described in the gene ontology: (1) the cellular anatomical entity where a gene product carries out a molecular function (e.g., plasma membrane, cytoskeleton) or membrane-enclosed compartments (e.g., mitochondrion); (2) virion components, where viral proteins act, and (3) the stable macromolecular complexes of which gene product are parts (e.g., the clathrin complex).
GOC:pdt
subcellular entity
NIF_Subcellular:nlx_subcell_100315
The space external to the outermost structure of a cell. For cells without external protective or external encapsulating structures this refers to space outside of the plasma membrane. This term covers the host cell environment outside an intracellular parasite.
Wikipedia:Extracellular
extracellular
cellular_component
GO:0005576
Note that this term is intended to annotate gene products that are not attached to the cell surface. For gene products from multicellular organisms which are secreted from a cell but retained within the organism (i.e. released into the interstitial fluid or blood), consider the cellular component term 'extracellular space ; GO:0005615'.
extracellular region
The space external to the outermost structure of a cell. For cells without external protective or external encapsulating structures this refers to space outside of the plasma membrane. This term covers the host cell environment outside an intracellular parasite.
GOC:go_curators
That part of a multicellular organism outside the cells proper, usually taken to be outside the plasma membranes, and occupied by fluid.
NIF_Subcellular:sao1425028079
cellular_component
intercellular space
GO:0005615
Note that for multicellular organisms, the extracellular space refers to everything outside a cell, but still within the organism (excluding the extracellular matrix). Gene products from a multi-cellular organism that are secreted from a cell into the interstitial fluid or blood can therefore be annotated to this term.
extracellular space
That part of a multicellular organism outside the cells proper, usually taken to be outside the plasma membranes, and occupied by fluid.
ISBN:0198547684
The rigid or semi-rigid envelope lying outside the cell membrane of plant, fungal, most prokaryotic cells and some protozoan parasites, maintaining their shape and protecting them from osmotic lysis. In plants it is made of cellulose and, often, lignin; in fungi it is composed largely of polysaccharides; in bacteria it is composed of peptidoglycan; in protozoan parasites such as Giardia species, it's made of carbohydrates and proteins.
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/21669
Wikipedia:Cell_wall
cellular_component
GO:0005618
Not to be used for manual annotation. Please choose a more specific term: for bacteria, annotate to GO:0009274; peptidoglycan-based cell wall, for plants: annotate to GO:0009505 ; plant-type cell wall, for fungi: GO:0009277 ; fungal-type cell wall, and for archae, use GO:0030115 S-layer (see PMID:31214995).
cell wall
The rigid or semi-rigid envelope lying outside the cell membrane of plant, fungal, most prokaryotic cells and some protozoan parasites, maintaining their shape and protecting them from osmotic lysis. In plants it is made of cellulose and, often, lignin; in fungi it is composed largely of polysaccharides; in bacteria it is composed of peptidoglycan; in protozoan parasites such as Giardia species, it's made of carbohydrates and proteins.
GOC:giardia
ISBN:0198547684
PMID:15134259
Wikipedia:Microbial_cyst
A component of a cell contained within (but not including) the plasma membrane. In eukaryotes it includes the nucleus and cytoplasm.
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/17776
Wikipedia:Intracellular
internal to cell
intracellular
protoplasm
cellular_component
nucleocytoplasm
protoplast
GO:0005622
intracellular anatomical structure
A component of a cell contained within (but not including) the plasma membrane. In eukaryotes it includes the nucleus and cytoplasm.
ISBN:0198506732
nucleocytoplasm
GOC:mah
protoplast
GOC:mah
A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent.
NIF_Subcellular:sao1702920020
Wikipedia:Cell_nucleus
cell nucleus
horsetail nucleus
cellular_component
GO:0005634
nucleus
A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent.
GOC:go_curators
horsetail nucleus
GOC:al
GOC:mah
GOC:vw
PMID:15030757
The double lipid bilayer enclosing the nucleus and separating its contents from the rest of the cytoplasm; includes the intermembrane space, a gap of width 20-40 nm (also called the perinuclear space).
GO:0005636
Wikipedia:Nuclear_envelope
cellular_component
GO:0005635
nuclear envelope
The double lipid bilayer enclosing the nucleus and separating its contents from the rest of the cytoplasm; includes the intermembrane space, a gap of width 20-40 nm (also called the perinuclear space).
ISBN:0198547684
That part of the nuclear content other than the chromosomes or the nucleolus.
NIF_Subcellular:sao661522542
Wikipedia:Nucleoplasm
cellular_component
GO:0005654
nucleoplasm
That part of the nuclear content other than the chromosomes or the nucleolus.
GOC:ma
ISBN:0124325653
A structure composed of a very long molecule of DNA and associated proteins (e.g. histones) that carries hereditary information.
Wikipedia:Chromosome
interphase chromosome
prophase chromosome
cellular_component
chromatid
GO:0005694
Chromosomes include parts that are not part of the chromatin. Examples include the kinetochore.
chromosome
A structure composed of a very long molecule of DNA and associated proteins (e.g. histones) that carries hereditary information.
ISBN:0198547684
A small, dense body one or more of which are present in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. It is rich in RNA and protein, is not bounded by a limiting membrane, and is not seen during mitosis. Its prime function is the transcription of the nucleolar DNA into 45S ribosomal-precursor RNA, the processing of this RNA into 5.8S, 18S, and 28S components of ribosomal RNA, and the association of these components with 5S RNA and proteins synthesized outside the nucleolus. This association results in the formation of ribonucleoprotein precursors; these pass into the cytoplasm and mature into the 40S and 60S subunits of the ribosome.
NIF_Subcellular:sao1820400233
Wikipedia:Nucleolus
cellular_component
GO:0005730
nucleolus
A small, dense body one or more of which are present in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. It is rich in RNA and protein, is not bounded by a limiting membrane, and is not seen during mitosis. Its prime function is the transcription of the nucleolar DNA into 45S ribosomal-precursor RNA, the processing of this RNA into 5.8S, 18S, and 28S components of ribosomal RNA, and the association of these components with 5S RNA and proteins synthesized outside the nucleolus. This association results in the formation of ribonucleoprotein precursors; these pass into the cytoplasm and mature into the 40S and 60S subunits of the ribosome.
ISBN:0198506732
The contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures.
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/23023
Wikipedia:Cytoplasm
cellular_component
GO:0005737
cytoplasm
The contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures.
ISBN:0198547684
A semiautonomous, self replicating organelle that occurs in varying numbers, shapes, and sizes in the cytoplasm of virtually all eukaryotic cells. It is notably the site of tissue respiration.
NIF_Subcellular:sao1860313010
Wikipedia:Mitochondrion
mitochondria
cellular_component
GO:0005739
Some anaerobic or microaerophilic organisms (e.g. Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia intestinalis and several Microsporidia species) do not have mitochondria, and contain mitochondrion-related organelles (MROs) instead, called mitosomes or hydrogenosomes, very likely derived from mitochondria. To annotate gene products located in these mitochondrial relics in species such as Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia intestinalis or others, please use GO:0032047 'mitosome' or GO:0042566 'hydrogenosome'. (See PMID:24316280 for a list of species currently known to contain mitochondrion-related organelles.)
mitochondrion
A semiautonomous, self replicating organelle that occurs in varying numbers, shapes, and sizes in the cytoplasm of virtually all eukaryotic cells. It is notably the site of tissue respiration.
GOC:giardia
ISBN:0198506732
A small lytic vacuole that has cell cycle-independent morphology found in most animal cells and that contains a variety of hydrolases, most of which have their maximal activities in the pH range 5-6. The contained enzymes display latency if properly isolated. About 40 different lysosomal hydrolases are known and lysosomes have a great variety of morphologies and functions.
NIF_Subcellular:sao585356902
Wikipedia:Lysosome
cellular_component
GO:0005764
lysosome
A small lytic vacuole that has cell cycle-independent morphology found in most animal cells and that contains a variety of hydrolases, most of which have their maximal activities in the pH range 5-6. The contained enzymes display latency if properly isolated. About 40 different lysosomal hydrolases are known and lysosomes have a great variety of morphologies and functions.
GOC:mah
ISBN:0198506732
A vacuole to which materials ingested by endocytosis are delivered.
NIF_Subcellular:sao1720343330
Wikipedia:Endosome
cellular_component
GO:0005768
endosome
A vacuole to which materials ingested by endocytosis are delivered.
ISBN:0198506732
PMID:19696797
A closed structure, found only in eukaryotic cells, that is completely surrounded by unit membrane and contains liquid material. Cells contain one or several vacuoles, that may have different functions from each other. Vacuoles have a diverse array of functions. They can act as a storage organelle for nutrients or waste products, as a degradative compartment, as a cost-effective way of increasing cell size, and as a homeostatic regulator controlling both turgor pressure and pH of the cytosol.
Wikipedia:Vacuole
cellular_component
vacuolar carboxypeptidase Y
GO:0005773
vacuole
A closed structure, found only in eukaryotic cells, that is completely surrounded by unit membrane and contains liquid material. Cells contain one or several vacuoles, that may have different functions from each other. Vacuoles have a diverse array of functions. They can act as a storage organelle for nutrients or waste products, as a degradative compartment, as a cost-effective way of increasing cell size, and as a homeostatic regulator controlling both turgor pressure and pH of the cytosol.
GOC:mtg_sensu
ISBN:0198506732
A small organelle enclosed by a single membrane, and found in most eukaryotic cells. Contains peroxidases and other enzymes involved in a variety of metabolic processes including free radical detoxification, lipid catabolism and biosynthesis, and hydrogen peroxide metabolism.
GO:0019818
peroxisome vesicle
NIF_Subcellular:sao499555322
Wikipedia:Peroxisome
cellular_component
peroxisomal
GO:0005777
peroxisome
A small organelle enclosed by a single membrane, and found in most eukaryotic cells. Contains peroxidases and other enzymes involved in a variety of metabolic processes including free radical detoxification, lipid catabolism and biosynthesis, and hydrogen peroxide metabolism.
GOC:pm
PMID:9302272
UniProtKB-KW:KW-0576
The irregular network of unit membranes, visible only by electron microscopy, that occurs in the cytoplasm of many eukaryotic cells. The membranes form a complex meshwork of tubular channels, which are often expanded into slitlike cavities called cisternae. The ER takes two forms, rough (or granular), with ribosomes adhering to the outer surface, and smooth (with no ribosomes attached).
NIF_Subcellular:sao1036339110
Wikipedia:Endoplasmic_reticulum
ER
cellular_component
GO:0005783
endoplasmic reticulum
The irregular network of unit membranes, visible only by electron microscopy, that occurs in the cytoplasm of many eukaryotic cells. The membranes form a complex meshwork of tubular channels, which are often expanded into slitlike cavities called cisternae. The ER takes two forms, rough (or granular), with ribosomes adhering to the outer surface, and smooth (with no ribosomes attached).
ISBN:0198506732
A membrane-bound cytoplasmic organelle of the endomembrane system that further processes the core oligosaccharides (e.g. N-glycans) added to proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum and packages them into membrane-bound vesicles. The Golgi apparatus operates at the intersection of the secretory, lysosomal, and endocytic pathways.
Golgi
NIF_Subcellular:sao451912436
Wikipedia:Golgi_apparatus
Golgi complex
Golgi ribbon
cellular_component
GO:0005794
Note that the Golgi apparatus can be located in various places in the cytoplasm. In plants and lower animal cells, the Golgi apparatus exists as many copies of discrete stacks dispersed throughout the cytoplasm, while the Golgi apparatus of interphase mammalian cells is a juxtanuclear, often pericentriolar reticulum, where the discrete Golgi stacks are stitched together to form a compact and interconnected ribbon, sometimes called the Golgi ribbon.
Golgi apparatus
A membrane-bound cytoplasmic organelle of the endomembrane system that further processes the core oligosaccharides (e.g. N-glycans) added to proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum and packages them into membrane-bound vesicles. The Golgi apparatus operates at the intersection of the secretory, lysosomal, and endocytic pathways.
ISBN:0198506732
An intracellular non-membrane-bounded organelle comprising a matrix of coalesced lipids surrounded by a phospholipid monolayer. May include associated proteins.
adiposome
lipid body
lipid particle
cellular_component
GO:0005811
Note that this term does not refer to vesicles, but instead to structures in which lipids do not necessarily form bilayers.
lipid droplet
An intracellular non-membrane-bounded organelle comprising a matrix of coalesced lipids surrounded by a phospholipid monolayer. May include associated proteins.
GOC:mah
GOC:tb
An intracellular structure that can catalyze gamma-tubulin-dependent microtubule nucleation and that can anchor microtubules by interacting with their minus ends, plus ends or sides.
Wikipedia:Microtubule_organizing_center
MTOC
microtubule organising centre
cellular_component
GO:0005815
microtubule organizing center
An intracellular structure that can catalyze gamma-tubulin-dependent microtubule nucleation and that can anchor microtubules by interacting with their minus ends, plus ends or sides.
GOC:vw
ISBN:0815316194
PMID:17072892
PMID:17245416
Wikipedia:Microtubule_organizing_center
The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes.
NIF_Subcellular:sao101633890
Wikipedia:Cytosol
cellular_component
GO:0005829
cytosol
The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes.
GOC:hjd
GOC:jl
An intracellular organelle, about 200 A in diameter, consisting of RNA and protein. It is the site of protein biosynthesis resulting from translation of messenger RNA (mRNA). It consists of two subunits, one large and one small, each containing only protein and RNA. Both the ribosome and its subunits are characterized by their sedimentation coefficients, expressed in Svedberg units (symbol: S). Hence, the prokaryotic ribosome (70S) comprises a large (50S) subunit and a small (30S) subunit, while the eukaryotic ribosome (80S) comprises a large (60S) subunit and a small (40S) subunit. Two sites on the ribosomal large subunit are involved in translation, namely the aminoacyl site (A site) and peptidyl site (P site). Ribosomes from prokaryotes, eukaryotes, mitochondria, and chloroplasts have characteristically distinct ribosomal proteins.
GO:0033279
NIF_Subcellular:sao1429207766
Wikipedia:Ribosome
free ribosome
membrane bound ribosome
cellular_component
ribosomal RNA
GO:0005840
ribosome
An intracellular organelle, about 200 A in diameter, consisting of RNA and protein. It is the site of protein biosynthesis resulting from translation of messenger RNA (mRNA). It consists of two subunits, one large and one small, each containing only protein and RNA. Both the ribosome and its subunits are characterized by their sedimentation coefficients, expressed in Svedberg units (symbol: S). Hence, the prokaryotic ribosome (70S) comprises a large (50S) subunit and a small (30S) subunit, while the eukaryotic ribosome (80S) comprises a large (60S) subunit and a small (40S) subunit. Two sites on the ribosomal large subunit are involved in translation, namely the aminoacyl site (A site) and peptidyl site (P site). Ribosomes from prokaryotes, eukaryotes, mitochondria, and chloroplasts have characteristically distinct ribosomal proteins.
ISBN:0198506732
free ribosome
NIF_Subcellular:sao1139385046
membrane bound ribosome
NIF_Subcellular:sao1291545653
A cellular structure that forms the internal framework of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. The cytoskeleton includes intermediate filaments, microfilaments, microtubules, the microtrabecular lattice, and other structures characterized by a polymeric filamentous nature and long-range order within the cell. The various elements of the cytoskeleton not only serve in the maintenance of cellular shape but also have roles in other cellular functions, including cellular movement, cell division, endocytosis, and movement of organelles.
Wikipedia:Cytoskeleton
cellular_component
GO:0005856
cytoskeleton
A cellular structure that forms the internal framework of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. The cytoskeleton includes intermediate filaments, microfilaments, microtubules, the microtrabecular lattice, and other structures characterized by a polymeric filamentous nature and long-range order within the cell. The various elements of the cytoskeleton not only serve in the maintenance of cellular shape but also have roles in other cellular functions, including cellular movement, cell division, endocytosis, and movement of organelles.
GOC:mah
PMID:16959967
PMID:27419875
The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins.
GO:0005887
GO:0005904
juxtamembrane
NIF_Subcellular:sao1663586795
Wikipedia:Cell_membrane
cell membrane
cellular membrane
cytoplasmic membrane
plasmalemma
bacterial inner membrane
inner endospore membrane
integral component of plasma membrane
integral to plasma membrane
plasma membrane lipid bilayer
cellular_component
GO:0005886
plasma membrane
The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins.
ISBN:0716731363
cellular membrane
NIF_Subcellular:sao6433132645
plasma membrane lipid bilayer
GOC:mah
A specialized eukaryotic organelle that consists of a filiform extrusion of the cell surface and of some cytoplasmic parts. Each cilium is largely bounded by an extrusion of the cytoplasmic (plasma) membrane, and contains a regular longitudinal array of microtubules, anchored to a basal body.
GO:0072372
FMA:67181
NIF_Subcellular:sao787716553
Wikipedia:Cilium
eukaryotic flagellum
microtubule-based flagellum
primary cilium
cellular_component
flagellum
GO:0005929
Note that we deem cilium and microtubule-based flagellum to be equivalent. In most eukaryotic species, intracellular sub-components of the cilium, such as the ciliary base and rootlet, are located near the plasma membrane. In Diplomonads such as Giardia, instead, the same ciliary parts are located further intracellularly. Also, 'cilium' may be used when axonemal structure and/or motility are unknown, or when axonemal structure is unusual. For all other cases, please refer to children of 'cilium'. Finally, note that any role of ciliary proteins in sensory events should be captured by annotating to relevant biological process terms.
cilium
A specialized eukaryotic organelle that consists of a filiform extrusion of the cell surface and of some cytoplasmic parts. Each cilium is largely bounded by an extrusion of the cytoplasmic (plasma) membrane, and contains a regular longitudinal array of microtubules, anchored to a basal body.
GOC:cilia
GOC:curators
GOC:kmv
GOC:vw
ISBN:0198547684
PMID:16824949
PMID:17009929
PMID:20144998
The chemical reactions and pathways involving carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y.
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/22880
jl
2012-10-23T15:40:34Z
GO:0044261
GO:0044723
Wikipedia:Carbohydrate_metabolism
carbohydrate metabolism
biological_process
GO:0005975
carbohydrate metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y.
GOC:mah
ISBN:0198506732
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of precursor metabolites, substances from which energy is derived, and any process involved in the liberation of energy from these substances.
energy pathways
biological_process
intermediary metabolism
metabolic energy generation
GO:0006091
generation of precursor metabolites and energy
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of precursor metabolites, substances from which energy is derived, and any process involved in the liberation of energy from these substances.
GOC:jl
intermediary metabolism
GOC:mah
Any cellular metabolic process involving deoxyribonucleic acid. This is one of the two main types of nucleic acid, consisting of a long, unbranched macromolecule formed from one, or more commonly, two, strands of linked deoxyribonucleotides.
GO:0055132
DNA metabolism
cellular DNA metabolism
biological_process
GO:0006259
DNA metabolic process
Any cellular metabolic process involving deoxyribonucleic acid. This is one of the two main types of nucleic acid, consisting of a long, unbranched macromolecule formed from one, or more commonly, two, strands of linked deoxyribonucleotides.
ISBN:0198506732
Any process involved in the conversion of a primary mRNA transcript into one or more mature mRNA(s) prior to translation into polypeptide.
biological_process
mRNA maturation
GO:0006397
mRNA processing
Any process involved in the conversion of a primary mRNA transcript into one or more mature mRNA(s) prior to translation into polypeptide.
GOC:mah
The chemical reactions and pathways involving tRNA, transfer RNA, a class of relatively small RNA molecules responsible for mediating the insertion of amino acids into the sequence of nascent polypeptide chains during protein synthesis. Transfer RNA is characterized by the presence of many unusual minor bases, the function of which has not been completely established.
tRNA metabolism
biological_process
GO:0006399
tRNA metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving tRNA, transfer RNA, a class of relatively small RNA molecules responsible for mediating the insertion of amino acids into the sequence of nascent polypeptide chains during protein synthesis. Transfer RNA is characterized by the presence of many unusual minor bases, the function of which has not been completely established.
ISBN:0198506732
The cellular metabolic process in which a protein is formed, using the sequence of a mature mRNA or circRNA molecule to specify the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain. Translation is mediated by the ribosome, and begins with the formation of a ternary complex between aminoacylated initiator methionine tRNA, GTP, and initiation factor 2, which subsequently associates with the small subunit of the ribosome and an mRNA or circRNA. Translation ends with the release of a polypeptide chain from the ribosome.
GO:0006416
GO:0006453
GO:0043037
Wikipedia:Translation_(genetics)
protein anabolism
protein biosynthesis
protein biosynthetic process
protein formation
protein synthesis
protein translation
biological_process
GO:0006412
translation
The cellular metabolic process in which a protein is formed, using the sequence of a mature mRNA or circRNA molecule to specify the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain. Translation is mediated by the ribosome, and begins with the formation of a ternary complex between aminoacylated initiator methionine tRNA, GTP, and initiation factor 2, which subsequently associates with the small subunit of the ribosome and an mRNA or circRNA. Translation ends with the release of a polypeptide chain from the ribosome.
GOC:go_curators
The process of assisting in the covalent and noncovalent assembly of single chain polypeptides or multisubunit complexes into the correct tertiary structure.
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/25673
GO:0007022
GO:0007024
GO:0007025
Wikipedia:Protein_folding
alpha-tubulin folding
beta-tubulin folding
chaperonin-mediated tubulin folding
biological_process
chaperone activity
chaperonin ATPase activity
co-chaperone activity
co-chaperonin activity
glycoprotein-specific chaperone activity
non-chaperonin molecular chaperone ATPase activity
protein complex assembly, multichaperone pathway
GO:0006457
protein folding
The process of assisting in the covalent and noncovalent assembly of single chain polypeptides or multisubunit complexes into the correct tertiary structure.
GOC:go_curators
GOC:rb
alpha-tubulin folding
GOC:mah
beta-tubulin folding
GOC:mah
chaperonin-mediated tubulin folding
GOC:mah
The hydrolysis of proteins into smaller polypeptides and/or amino acids by cleavage of their peptide bonds.
Wikipedia:Proteolysis
peptidolysis
ATP-dependent proteolysis
biological_process
GO:0006508
This term was intentionally placed under 'protein metabolic process ; GO:0019538' rather than 'protein catabolic process ; GO:0030163' to cover all processes centered on breaking peptide bonds, including those involved in protein processing.
proteolysis
The hydrolysis of proteins into smaller polypeptides and/or amino acids by cleavage of their peptide bonds.
GOC:bf
GOC:mah
ATP-dependent proteolysis
GOC:mah
The chemical reactions and pathways involving amino acids, carboxylic acids containing one or more amino groups.
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/17904
GO:0006519
cellular amino acid metabolic process
cellular amino acid metabolism
biological_process
amino acid and derivative metabolism
cellular amino acid and derivative metabolic process
GO:0006520
amino acid metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving amino acids, carboxylic acids containing one or more amino groups.
ISBN:0198506732
The process of targeting specific proteins to particular regions of the cell, typically membrane-bounded subcellular organelles. Usually requires an organelle specific protein sequence motif.
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/26248
Wikipedia:Protein_targeting
protein sorting along secretory pathway
biological_process
nascent polypeptide association
GO:0006605
protein targeting
The process of targeting specific proteins to particular regions of the cell, typically membrane-bounded subcellular organelles. Usually requires an organelle specific protein sequence motif.
GOC:ma
The chemical reactions and pathways involving lipids, compounds soluble in an organic solvent but not, or sparingly, in an aqueous solvent. Includes fatty acids; neutral fats, other fatty-acid esters, and soaps; long-chain (fatty) alcohols and waxes; sphingoids and other long-chain bases; glycolipids, phospholipids and sphingolipids; and carotenes, polyprenols, sterols, terpenes and other isoprenoids.
Wikipedia:Lipid_metabolism
lipid metabolism
biological_process
GO:0006629
lipid metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving lipids, compounds soluble in an organic solvent but not, or sparingly, in an aqueous solvent. Includes fatty acids; neutral fats, other fatty-acid esters, and soaps; long-chain (fatty) alcohols and waxes; sphingoids and other long-chain bases; glycolipids, phospholipids and sphingolipids; and carotenes, polyprenols, sterols, terpenes and other isoprenoids.
GOC:ma
The chemical reactions and pathways involving the nonmetallic element sulfur or compounds that contain sulfur, such as the amino acids methionine and cysteine or the tripeptide glutathione.
Wikipedia:Sulfur_metabolism
sulfur metabolism
sulphur metabolic process
sulphur metabolism
biological_process
GO:0006790
sulfur compound metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving the nonmetallic element sulfur or compounds that contain sulfur, such as the amino acids methionine and cysteine or the tripeptide glutathione.
GOC:ai
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a xenobiotic compound, a compound foreign to the organim exposed to it. It may be synthesized by another organism (like ampicilin) or it can be a synthetic chemical.
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/19460
GO:0017144
Wikipedia:Drug_metabolism
Wikipedia:Xenobiotic_metabolism
xenobiotic metabolism
biological_process
drug metabolic process
drug metabolism
GO:0006805
xenobiotic metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a xenobiotic compound, a compound foreign to the organim exposed to it. It may be synthesized by another organism (like ampicilin) or it can be a synthetic chemical.
GOC:cab2
GOC:krc
The directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) or cellular components (such as complexes and organelles) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, or within a multicellular organism by means of some agent such as a transporter or a transporter complex, a pore or a motor protein.
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/20292
jl
2012-12-13T16:25:32Z
GO:0015457
GO:0015460
GO:0044765
biological_process
single-organism transport
GO:0006810
Note that this term should not be used for direct annotation. It should be possible to make a more specific annotation to one of the children of this term, for e.g. to transmembrane transport, to microtubule-based transport or to vesicle-mediated transport.
transport
The directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) or cellular components (such as complexes and organelles) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, or within a multicellular organism by means of some agent such as a transporter or a transporter complex, a pore or a motor protein.
GOC:dos
GOC:dph
GOC:jl
GOC:mah
The directed movement of molecules between the nucleus and the cytoplasm.
GO:0000063
nucleocytoplasmic shuttling
biological_process
GO:0006913
Note that transport through the nuclear pore complex is not transmembrane because the nuclear membrane is a double membrane, and is not traversed.
nucleocytoplasmic transport
The directed movement of molecules between the nucleus and the cytoplasm.
GOC:go_curators
The cellular catabolic process in which cells digest cellular materials, such as organelles and other macromolecular constituents, or non-self materials such as intracellular pathogens. Autophagy serves to provide essential nutrients under conditions of cellular stress; or can remodel intracellular structures during cell differentiation.
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/25541#issuecomment-1740659745
GO:0016238
Wikipedia:Autophagy_(cellular)
biological_process
GO:0006914
autophagy
The cellular catabolic process in which cells digest cellular materials, such as organelles and other macromolecular constituents, or non-self materials such as intracellular pathogens. Autophagy serves to provide essential nutrients under conditions of cellular stress; or can remodel intracellular structures during cell differentiation.
GOC:autophagy
ISBN:0198547684
PMID:11099404
PMID:29455577
PMID:9412464
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a disturbance in organismal or cellular homeostasis, usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation).
biological_process
response to abiotic stress
response to biotic stress
GO:0006950
Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC.
response to stress
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a disturbance in organismal or cellular homeostasis, usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation).
GOC:mah
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a mitochondrion; includes mitochondrial morphogenesis and distribution, and replication of the mitochondrial genome as well as synthesis of new mitochondrial components.
mitochondria organization
mitochondrial biogenesis
mitochondrial organization
mitochondrion biogenesis
mitochondrion organisation
biological_process
mitochondrion organization and biogenesis
GO:0007005
mitochondrion organization
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a mitochondrion; includes mitochondrial morphogenesis and distribution, and replication of the mitochondrial genome as well as synthesis of new mitochondrial components.
GOC:dph
GOC:jl
GOC:mah
GOC:sgd_curators
PMID:9786946
mitochondria organization
GOC:mah
mitochondrion organisation
GOC:mah
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the plasma membrane.
plasma membrane organisation
biological_process
plasma membrane organization and biogenesis
GO:0007009
plasma membrane organization
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the plasma membrane.
GOC:dph
GOC:jl
GOC:mah
plasma membrane organization and biogenesis
GOC:mah
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures.
cytoskeleton organisation
biological_process
cytoskeletal organization and biogenesis
cytoskeletal regulator activity
cytoskeleton organization and biogenesis
GO:0007010
cytoskeleton organization
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures.
GOC:dph
GOC:jl
GOC:mah
cytoskeletal organization and biogenesis
GOC:mah
cytoskeleton organization and biogenesis
GOC:mah
Any cellular process that depends upon or alters the microtubule cytoskeleton, that part of the cytoskeleton comprising microtubules and their associated proteins.
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/19809
biological_process
GO:0007017
microtubule-based process
Any cellular process that depends upon or alters the microtubule cytoskeleton, that part of the cytoskeleton comprising microtubules and their associated proteins.
GOC:mah
The directed movement of substances into, out of or within a vacuole.
biological_process
GO:0007034
vacuolar transport
The directed movement of substances into, out of or within a vacuole.
GOC:ai
The progression of biochemical and morphological phases and events that occur in a cell during successive cell replication or nuclear replication events. Canonically, the cell cycle comprises the replication and segregation of genetic material followed by the division of the cell, but in endocycles or syncytial cells nuclear replication or nuclear division may not be followed by cell division.
Wikipedia:Cell_cycle
cell-division cycle
biological_process
GO:0007049
cell cycle
The progression of biochemical and morphological phases and events that occur in a cell during successive cell replication or nuclear replication events. Canonically, the cell cycle comprises the replication and segregation of genetic material followed by the division of the cell, but in endocycles or syncytial cells nuclear replication or nuclear division may not be followed by cell division.
GOC:go_curators
GOC:mtg_cell_cycle
The process in which genetic material, in the form of chromosomes, is organized into specific structures and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets. In eukaryotes, chromosome segregation begins with the condensation of chromosomes, includes chromosome separation, and ends when chromosomes have completed movement to the spindle poles.
Wikipedia:Chromosome_segregation
chromosome division
biological_process
chromosome transmission
GO:0007059
chromosome segregation
The process in which genetic material, in the form of chromosomes, is organized into specific structures and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets. In eukaryotes, chromosome segregation begins with the condensation of chromosomes, includes chromosome separation, and ends when chromosomes have completed movement to the spindle poles.
GOC:jl
GOC:mah
GOC:mtg_cell_cycle
GOC:vw
The attachment of a cell, either to another cell or to an underlying substrate such as the extracellular matrix, via cell adhesion molecules.
dos
2014-04-15T15:59:10Z
GO:0098602
Wikipedia:Cell_adhesion
biological_process
cell adhesion molecule activity
single organism cell adhesion
GO:0007155
cell adhesion
The attachment of a cell, either to another cell or to an underlying substrate such as the extracellular matrix, via cell adhesion molecules.
GOC:hb
GOC:pf
The cellular process in which a signal is conveyed to trigger a change in the activity or state of a cell. Signal transduction begins with reception of a signal (e.g. a ligand binding to a receptor or receptor activation by a stimulus such as light), or for signal transduction in the absence of ligand, signal-withdrawal or the activity of a constitutively active receptor. Signal transduction ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. regulation of transcription or regulation of a metabolic process. Signal transduction covers signaling from receptors located on the surface of the cell and signaling via molecules located within the cell. For signaling between cells, signal transduction is restricted to events at and within the receiving cell.
GO:0023014
GO:0023015
GO:0023016
GO:0023033
GO:0023045
Wikipedia:Signal_transduction
signal transduction by cis-phosphorylation
signal transduction by conformational transition
signal transduction by protein phosphorylation
signal transduction by trans-phosphorylation
signaling cascade
signalling cascade
biological_process
signaling pathway
signalling pathway
GO:0007165
Note that signal transduction is defined broadly to include a ligand interacting with a receptor, downstream signaling steps and a response being triggered. A change in form of the signal in every step is not necessary. Note that in many cases the end of this process is regulation of the initiation of transcription. Note that specific transcription factors may be annotated to this term, but core/general transcription machinery such as RNA polymerase should not.
signal transduction
The cellular process in which a signal is conveyed to trigger a change in the activity or state of a cell. Signal transduction begins with reception of a signal (e.g. a ligand binding to a receptor or receptor activation by a stimulus such as light), or for signal transduction in the absence of ligand, signal-withdrawal or the activity of a constitutively active receptor. Signal transduction ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. regulation of transcription or regulation of a metabolic process. Signal transduction covers signaling from receptors located on the surface of the cell and signaling via molecules located within the cell. For signaling between cells, signal transduction is restricted to events at and within the receiving cell.
GOC:go_curators
GOC:mtg_signaling_feb11
signalling pathway
GOC:mah
Any process that mediates the transfer of information from one cell to another. This process includes signal transduction in the receiving cell and, where applicable, release of a ligand and any processes that actively facilitate its transport and presentation to the receiving cell. Examples include signaling via soluble ligands, via cell adhesion molecules and via gap junctions.
cell-cell signalling
biological_process
GO:0007267
cell-cell signaling
Any process that mediates the transfer of information from one cell to another. This process includes signal transduction in the receiving cell and, where applicable, release of a ligand and any processes that actively facilitate its transport and presentation to the receiving cell. Examples include signaling via soluble ligands, via cell adhesion molecules and via gap junctions.
GOC:dos
GOC:mah
The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a multicellular organism over time from an initial condition (e.g. a zygote or a young adult) to a later condition (e.g. a multicellular animal or an aged adult).
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/21234
biological_process
GO:0007275
Note that this term was 'developmental process'.
multicellular organism development
The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a multicellular organism over time from an initial condition (e.g. a zygote or a young adult) to a later condition (e.g. a multicellular animal or an aged adult).
GOC:dph
GOC:ems
GOC:isa_complete
GOC:tb
The set of physiological processes that allow an embryo or foetus to develop within the body of a female animal. It covers the time from fertilization of a female ovum by a male spermatozoon until birth.
Wikipedia:Gestation
gestation
biological_process
carrying of young
GO:0007565
female pregnancy
The set of physiological processes that allow an embryo or foetus to develop within the body of a female animal. It covers the time from fertilization of a female ovum by a male spermatozoon until birth.
ISBN:0192800825
The process of gaseous exchange between an organism and its environment. In plants, microorganisms, and many small animals, air or water makes direct contact with the organism's cells or tissue fluids, and the processes of diffusion supply the organism with dioxygen (O2) and remove carbon dioxide (CO2). In larger animals the efficiency of gaseous exchange is improved by specialized respiratory organs, such as lungs and gills, which are ventilated by breathing mechanisms.
breathing
respiration
biological_process
GO:0007585
respiratory gaseous exchange by respiratory system
The process of gaseous exchange between an organism and its environment. In plants, microorganisms, and many small animals, air or water makes direct contact with the organism's cells or tissue fluids, and the processes of diffusion supply the organism with dioxygen (O2) and remove carbon dioxide (CO2). In larger animals the efficiency of gaseous exchange is improved by specialized respiratory organs, such as lungs and gills, which are ventilated by breathing mechanisms.
ISBN:0198506732
The whole of the physical, chemical, and biochemical processes carried out by multicellular organisms to break down ingested nutrients into components that may be easily absorbed and directed into metabolism.
Wikipedia:Digestion
biological_process
GO:0007586
digestion
The whole of the physical, chemical, and biochemical processes carried out by multicellular organisms to break down ingested nutrients into components that may be easily absorbed and directed into metabolism.
GOC:isa_complete
ISBN:0198506732
The function of a family of small chemotactic cytokines; their name is derived from their ability to induce directed chemotaxis in nearby responsive cells. All chemokines possess a number of conserved cysteine residues involved in intramolecular disulfide bond formation. Some chemokines are considered pro-inflammatory and can be induced during an immune response to recruit cells of the immune system to a site of infection, while others are considered homeostatic and are involved in controlling the migration of cells during normal processes of tissue maintenance or development. Chemokines are found in all vertebrates, some viruses and some bacteria.
molecular_function
GO:0008009
chemokine activity
The function of a family of small chemotactic cytokines; their name is derived from their ability to induce directed chemotaxis in nearby responsive cells. All chemokines possess a number of conserved cysteine residues involved in intramolecular disulfide bond formation. Some chemokines are considered pro-inflammatory and can be induced during an immune response to recruit cells of the immune system to a site of infection, while others are considered homeostatic and are involved in controlling the migration of cells during normal processes of tissue maintenance or development. Chemokines are found in all vertebrates, some viruses and some bacteria.
GOC:BHF
GOC:rl
PMID:12183377
Wikipedia:Chemokine
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a phosphodiester to give a phosphomonoester and a free hydroxyl group.
GO:0004434
GO:0016792
EC:3.1.4.-
Reactome:R-HSA-5693578
phosphodiesterase
molecular_function
GO:0008081
phosphoric diester hydrolase activity
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a phosphodiester to give a phosphomonoester and a free hydroxyl group.
EC:3.1.4.-
GOC:curators
Reactome:R-HSA-5693578
TDP1 and TDP2 process unligatable DSB ends
The function that stimulates a cell to grow or proliferate. Most growth factors have other actions besides the induction of cell growth or proliferation.
molecular_function
GO:0008083
Also consider annotating to 'receptor agonist activity ; GO:0048018'.
growth factor activity
The function that stimulates a cell to grow or proliferate. Most growth factors have other actions besides the induction of cell growth or proliferation.
ISBN:0815316194
Binding to a protein component of a cytoskeleton (actin, microtubule, or intermediate filament cytoskeleton).
molecular_function
GO:0008092
cytoskeletal protein binding
Binding to a protein component of a cytoskeleton (actin, microtubule, or intermediate filament cytoskeleton).
GOC:mah
Binding to a transcription factor, a protein required to initiate or regulate transcription.
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/19354
TF binding
molecular_function
transcription regulator binding
GO:0008134
Note that this term should not be used for direct annotation. Please consier one of the more specific descendants, GO:0140297 ; DNA-binding transcription factor binding, GO:0140296 ; general transcription initiation factor binding or GO:0001221 ; transcription coregulator binding.
transcription factor binding
Binding to a transcription factor, a protein required to initiate or regulate transcription.
ISBN:0198506732
Functions during translation by binding to RNA during polypeptide synthesis at the ribosome.
translation factor activity, nucleic acid binding
molecular_function
GO:0008135
translation factor activity, RNA binding
Functions during translation by binding to RNA during polypeptide synthesis at the ribosome.
GOC:ai
GOC:vw
translation factor activity, nucleic acid binding
GOC:mah
Catalysis of the transfer of a sulfate group from 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate to the hydroxyl group of an acceptor, producing the sulfated derivative and 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphate.
EC:2.8.2.-
Reactome:R-HSA-176588
Reactome:R-HSA-176604
Reactome:R-HSA-176669
Reactome:R-HSA-2022061
Reactome:R-HSA-9753277
sulphotransferase activity
molecular_function
GO:0008146
sulfotransferase activity
Catalysis of the transfer of a sulfate group from 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate to the hydroxyl group of an acceptor, producing the sulfated derivative and 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphate.
GOC:curators
Reactome:R-HSA-176588
lithocholate + PAPS => lithocholate sulfate + PAP
Reactome:R-HSA-176604
taurolithocholate + PAPS => taurolithocholate sulfate + PAP
Reactome:R-HSA-176669
N-hydroxy-2-acetylaminofluorene + PAPS => 2-acetylaminofluorene-N-sulfate + PAP
Reactome:R-HSA-2022061
Dermatan sulfate can be further sulfated on position 2 of iduronate
Reactome:R-HSA-9753277
SULT dimers sulfate APAP to APAP-SO3
A biological process is the execution of a genetically-encoded biological module or program. It consists of all the steps required to achieve the specific biological objective of the module. A biological process is accomplished by a particular set of molecular functions carried out by specific gene products (or macromolecular complexes), often in a highly regulated manner and in a particular temporal sequence.
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/24968
jl
2012-09-19T15:05:24Z
GO:0000004
GO:0007582
GO:0044699
Wikipedia:Biological_process
biological process
physiological process
biological_process
single organism process
single-organism process
GO:0008150
Note that, in addition to forming the root of the biological process ontology, this term is recommended for the annotation of gene products whose biological process is unknown. When this term is used for annotation, it indicates that no information was available about the biological process of the gene product annotated as of the date the annotation was made; the evidence code 'no data' (ND), is used to indicate this.
biological_process
A biological process is the execution of a genetically-encoded biological module or program. It consists of all the steps required to achieve the specific biological objective of the module. A biological process is accomplished by a particular set of molecular functions carried out by specific gene products (or macromolecular complexes), often in a highly regulated manner and in a particular temporal sequence.
GOC:pdt
The chemical reactions and pathways, including anabolism and catabolism, by which living organisms transform chemical substances. Metabolic processes typically transform small molecules, but also include macromolecular processes such as DNA repair and replication, and protein synthesis and degradation.
jl
2012-10-17T15:46:40Z
GO:0044236
GO:0044710
Wikipedia:Metabolism
metabolism
metabolic process resulting in cell growth
metabolism resulting in cell growth
multicellular organism metabolic process
biological_process
single-organism metabolic process
GO:0008152
Note that metabolic processes do not include single functions or processes such as protein-protein interactions, protein-nucleic acids, nor receptor-ligand interactions.
metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways, including anabolism and catabolism, by which living organisms transform chemical substances. Metabolic processes typically transform small molecules, but also include macromolecular processes such as DNA repair and replication, and protein synthesis and degradation.
GOC:go_curators
ISBN:0198547684
Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group to an acceptor molecule.
GO:0004480
methylase
EC:2.1.1.-
Reactome:R-HSA-212269
Reactome:R-HSA-379387
Reactome:R-HSA-379464
Reactome:R-HSA-6800149
Reactome:R-HSA-71286
Reactome:R-HSA-9710490
molecular_function
GO:0008168
methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group to an acceptor molecule.
ISBN:0198506732
Reactome:R-HSA-212269
DNMT1,3A,3B:PRC2 methylates cytosine and histone H3
Reactome:R-HSA-379387
COMT transfers Met to DA to form 3MT
Reactome:R-HSA-379464
COMT transfers Met to DOPAC to form HVA
Reactome:R-HSA-6800149
N6AMT1:TRMT112 transfers CH3 group from AdoMet to MMAIII
Reactome:R-HSA-71286
guanidinoacetate + S-adenosylmethionine => creatine + S-adenosylhomocysteine
Reactome:R-HSA-9710490
The GSDME gene promoter is hypermethylated
The production of light by certain enzyme-catalyzed reactions in cells.
Wikipedia:Bioluminescence
biological_process
GO:0008218
bioluminescence
The production of light by certain enzyme-catalyzed reactions in cells.
ISBN:0198506732
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a peptide bond. A peptide bond is a covalent bond formed when the carbon atom from the carboxyl group of one amino acid shares electrons with the nitrogen atom from the amino group of a second amino acid.
GO:0070010
GO:0070011
EC:3.4.-.-
Reactome:R-HSA-205112
Reactome:R-HSA-3000243
Reactome:R-HSA-3000263
Reactome:R-HSA-3065958
Reactome:R-HSA-3065959
Reactome:R-HSA-3139027
Reactome:R-HSA-376149
Reactome:R-HSA-4167501
Reactome:R-HSA-448678
Reactome:R-HSA-5655483
Reactome:R-HSA-5684864
Reactome:R-HSA-5685902
Reactome:R-HSA-6803060
hydrolase, acting on peptide bonds
peptide hydrolase activity
protease activity
peptidase activity, acting on D-amino acid peptides
peptidase activity, acting on L-amino acid peptides
proteinase activity
molecular_function
GO:0008233
peptidase activity
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a peptide bond. A peptide bond is a covalent bond formed when the carbon atom from the carboxyl group of one amino acid shares electrons with the nitrogen atom from the amino group of a second amino acid.
GOC:jl
ISBN:0815332181
Reactome:R-HSA-205112
gamma-secretase cleaves p75NTR, releasing NRIF and TRAF6
Reactome:R-HSA-3000243
Unknown lysosomal protease degrades CBLIF:RCbl to release Cbl
Reactome:R-HSA-3000263
TCN2:RCbl is degraded to release RCbl
Reactome:R-HSA-3065958
An unknown protease degrades ACACA
Reactome:R-HSA-3065959
An unknown protease degrades hCBXs
Reactome:R-HSA-3139027
Maturation of HIV Virion
Reactome:R-HSA-376149
Proteolytic processing of SLIT
Reactome:R-HSA-4167501
An unknown protease degrades ACACB
Reactome:R-HSA-448678
CTSG cleaves CASP1(1-404)
Reactome:R-HSA-5655483
USP1 autocleavage
Reactome:R-HSA-5684864
NAPSA, CTSH, PGA3-5 cleave pro-SFTPB
Reactome:R-HSA-5685902
NAPSA, CTSH, PGA3-5 cleave pro-SFTPC
Reactome:R-HSA-6803060
DCD(63-110) is processed to DCD(63-109)
The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population.
biological_process
cell proliferation
GO:0008283
This term was moved out from being a child of 'cellular process' because it is a cell population-level process, and cellular processes are restricted to those processes that involve individual cells. Also note that this term is intended to be used for the proliferation of cells within a multicellular organism, not for the expansion of a population of single-celled organisms.
cell population proliferation
The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population.
GOC:mah
GOC:mb
Binding to a lipid.
molecular_function
GO:0008289
lipid binding
Binding to a lipid.
GOC:ai
Catalysis of the reaction: palmitoyl-protein + H2O = palmitate + protein.
palmitoyl-[protein] hydrolase
EC:3.1.2.22
MetaCyc:3.1.2.22-RXN
RHEA:19233
Reactome:R-HSA-203613
Reactome:R-HSA-5690517
Reactome:R-HSA-8933328
Reactome:R-HSA-9647994
palmitoyl-protein hydrolase activity
palmitoyl-protein thioesterase activity
palmitoyl-protein thiolesterase activity
molecular_function
GO:0008474
palmitoyl-(protein) hydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: palmitoyl-protein + H2O = palmitate + protein.
EC:3.1.2.22
palmitoyl-[protein] hydrolase
EC:3.1.2.22
Reactome:R-HSA-203613
depalmitoylation of eNOS
Reactome:R-HSA-5690517
PPT1 hydrolyses palmitoylated proteins
Reactome:R-HSA-8933328
LYPLA2 hydrolyses PALM-C3,4-GAP43
Reactome:R-HSA-9647994
RAS proteins are depalmitoylated
Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + protein tyrosine = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + protein tyrosine-O-sulfate.
EC:2.8.2.20
MetaCyc:PROTEIN-TYROSINE-SULFOTRANSFERASE-RXN
RHEA:16801
Reactome:R-HSA-8954262
Reactome:R-HSA-9668023
Reactome:R-HSA-9668148
protein-tyrosine sulphotransferase activity
molecular_function
3'-phosphoadenylyl-sulfate:protein-tyrosine O-sulfotransferase activity
tyrosylprotein sulfotransferase activity
GO:0008476
protein-tyrosine sulfotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + protein tyrosine = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + protein tyrosine-O-sulfate.
EC:2.8.2.20
Reactome:R-HSA-8954262
TPST1,2 transfer SO4(2-) from PAPS to PODXL2
Reactome:R-HSA-9668023
TPST1,2 transfer SO4(2-) from PAPS to FVIII
Reactome:R-HSA-9668148
F8 variant is not sulfonated at Y1699
3'-phosphoadenylyl-sulfate:protein-tyrosine O-sulfotransferase activity
EC:2.8.2.20
tyrosylprotein sulfotransferase activity
EC:2.8.2.20
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine + undecaprenyl phosphate = UMP + N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine-diphosphoundecaprenol.
EC:2.7.8.13
MetaCyc:RXN-8975
RHEA:21920
MraY transferase activity
molecular_function
UDP-MurAc(oyl-L-Ala-gamma-D-Glu-L-Lys-D-Ala-D-Ala):undecaprenyl-phosphate phospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-pentapeptide-transferase activity
UDP-MurNAc-Ala-gamma-DGlu-Lys-DAla-DAla:undecaprenylphosphate transferase activity
UDP-MurNAc-Ala-gammaDGlu-Lys-DAla-DAla:undecaprenylphosphate transferase activity
UDP-MurNAc-L-Ala-D-gamma-Glu-L-Lys-D-Ala-D-Ala:C(55)-isoprenoid alcohol transferase activity
UDP-MurNAc-L-Ala-D-gamma-Glu-L-Lys-D-Ala-D-Ala:C55-isoprenoid alcohol transferase activity
UDP-MurNAc-pentapeptide phosphotransferase activity
phospho-MurNAc-pentapeptide transferase activity
phospho-N-acetylmuramoyl pentapeptide translocase activity
phospho-NAc-muramoyl-pentapeptide translocase (UMP) activity
phosphoacetylmuramoylpentapeptide translocase activity
phosphoacetylmuramoylpentapeptidetransferase activity
GO:0008963
Note that EC classifies all three 'UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimelyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine:undecaprenyl-phosphate transferase activity ; GO:0051992' and 'phospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-pentapeptide-transferase activity ; GO:0008963' under EC:2.7.8.13.
phospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-pentapeptide-transferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine + undecaprenyl phosphate = UMP + N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine-diphosphoundecaprenol.
EC:2.7.8.13
MraY transferase activity
EC:2.7.8.13
UDP-MurAc(oyl-L-Ala-gamma-D-Glu-L-Lys-D-Ala-D-Ala):undecaprenyl-phosphate phospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-pentapeptide-transferase activity
EC:2.7.8.13
UDP-MurNAc-Ala-gamma-DGlu-Lys-DAla-DAla:undecaprenylphosphate transferase activity
EC:2.7.8.13
UDP-MurNAc-Ala-gammaDGlu-Lys-DAla-DAla:undecaprenylphosphate transferase activity
EC:2.7.8.13
UDP-MurNAc-L-Ala-D-gamma-Glu-L-Lys-D-Ala-D-Ala:C(55)-isoprenoid alcohol transferase activity
EC:2.7.8.13
UDP-MurNAc-L-Ala-D-gamma-Glu-L-Lys-D-Ala-D-Ala:C55-isoprenoid alcohol transferase activity
EC:2.7.8.13
UDP-MurNAc-pentapeptide phosphotransferase activity
EC:2.7.8.13
phospho-MurNAc-pentapeptide transferase activity
EC:2.7.8.13
phospho-N-acetylmuramoyl pentapeptide translocase activity
EC:2.7.8.13
phospho-NAc-muramoyl-pentapeptide translocase (UMP) activity
EC:2.7.8.13
phosphoacetylmuramoylpentapeptide translocase activity
EC:2.7.8.13
phosphoacetylmuramoylpentapeptidetransferase activity
EC:2.7.8.13
Catalysis of the reaction: phosphatidylcholine + H2O = 2-acylglycerophosphocholine + a carboxylate.
EC:3.1.1.32
MetaCyc:PHOSPHOLIPASE-A1-RXN
RHEA:18689
Reactome:R-HSA-1482827
Reactome:R-HSA-1482828
Reactome:R-HSA-1482847
Reactome:R-HSA-1482862
Reactome:R-HSA-1482892
Reactome:R-HSA-1482920
Reactome:R-HSA-1482932
Reactome:R-HSA-5694485
phosphatidylcholine 1-acylhydrolase activity
molecular_function
GO:0008970
phospholipase A1 activity
Catalysis of the reaction: phosphatidylcholine + H2O = 2-acylglycerophosphocholine + a carboxylate.
EC:3.1.1.32
Reactome:R-HSA-1482827
PC is hydrolyzed to 2-acyl LPC by PLA2G4C
Reactome:R-HSA-1482828
PE is hydrolyzed to 2-acyl LPE by PLA2[4]
Reactome:R-HSA-1482847
PG is hydrolysed to 2-acyl LPG by PLA2G4B (IM)
Reactome:R-HSA-1482862
PC is hydrolysed to 2-acyl LPC by PLA2[7]
Reactome:R-HSA-1482892
PE is hydrolyzed to 2-acyl LPE by PLA2G4C
Reactome:R-HSA-1482920
PG is hydrolyzed to 2-acyl LPG by PLA2[14]
Reactome:R-HSA-1482932
PI is hydrolyzed to 2-acyl LPI by PLA2[13]
Reactome:R-HSA-5694485
ABHD3 hydrolyses LPC(14:0) to 1AGPC
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances, including the breakdown of carbon compounds with the liberation of energy for use by the cell or organism.
jl
2012-10-17T15:52:35Z
GO:0044243
GO:0044712
Wikipedia:Catabolism
breakdown
catabolism
degradation
multicellular organismal catabolic process
biological_process
single-organism catabolic process
GO:0009056
catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances, including the breakdown of carbon compounds with the liberation of energy for use by the cell or organism.
ISBN:0198547684
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances; typically the energy-requiring part of metabolism in which simpler substances are transformed into more complex ones.
jl
2012-10-17T15:52:18Z
GO:0044274
GO:0044711
formation
Wikipedia:Anabolism
anabolism
biosynthesis
synthesis
multicellular organismal biosynthetic process
biological_process
single-organism biosynthetic process
GO:0009058
biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances; typically the energy-requiring part of metabolism in which simpler substances are transformed into more complex ones.
GOC:curators
ISBN:0198547684
The chemical reactions and pathways involving any organic compound that is weakly basic in character and contains an amino or a substituted amino group. Amines are called primary, secondary, or tertiary according to whether one, two, or three carbon atoms are attached to the nitrogen atom.
jl
2009-07-15T11:55:44Z
GO:0044106
amine metabolism
cellular amine metabolic process
biological_process
GO:0009308
amine metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving any organic compound that is weakly basic in character and contains an amino or a substituted amino group. Amines are called primary, secondary, or tertiary according to whether one, two, or three carbon atoms are attached to the nitrogen atom.
GOC:jl
ISBN:0198506732
Any member of a family of organelles found in the cytoplasm of plants and some protists, which are membrane-bounded and contain DNA. Plant plastids develop from a common type, the proplastid.
Wikipedia:Plastid
cellular_component
GO:0009536
plastid
Any member of a family of organelles found in the cytoplasm of plants and some protists, which are membrane-bounded and contain DNA. Plant plastids develop from a common type, the proplastid.
GOC:jl
ISBN:0198547684
A membranous cellular structure that bears the photosynthetic pigments in plants, algae, and cyanobacteria. In cyanobacteria thylakoids are of various shapes and are attached to, or continuous with, the plasma membrane. In eukaryotes they are flattened, membrane-bounded disk-like structures located in the chloroplasts; in the chloroplasts of higher plants the thylakoids form dense stacks called grana. Isolated thylakoid preparations can carry out photosynthetic electron transport and the associated phosphorylation.
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13958
Wikipedia:Thylakoid
cellular_component
photosynthetic membrane
GO:0009579
A thylakoid is not considered an organelle, but some thylakoids are part of organelles.
thylakoid
A membranous cellular structure that bears the photosynthetic pigments in plants, algae, and cyanobacteria. In cyanobacteria thylakoids are of various shapes and are attached to, or continuous with, the plasma membrane. In eukaryotes they are flattened, membrane-bounded disk-like structures located in the chloroplasts; in the chloroplasts of higher plants the thylakoids form dense stacks called grana. Isolated thylakoid preparations can carry out photosynthetic electron transport and the associated phosphorylation.
GOC:ds
GOC:mtg_sensu
ISBN:0198506732
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a toxic stimulus.
detoxification response
biological_process
toxin resistance
toxin susceptibility/resistance
GO:0009636
response to toxic substance
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a toxic stimulus.
GOC:lr
The chemical reactions and pathways involving cytokinins, a class of adenine-derived compounds that can function in plants as growth regulators.
cytokinin metabolism
biological_process
GO:0009690
cytokinin metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving cytokinins, a class of adenine-derived compounds that can function in plants as growth regulators.
ISBN:0387969845
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an embryo from its formation until the end of its embryonic life stage. The end of the embryonic stage is organism-specific. For example, for mammals, the process would begin with zygote formation and end with birth. For insects, the process would begin at zygote formation and end with larval hatching. For plant zygotic embryos, this would be from zygote formation to the end of seed dormancy. For plant vegetative embryos, this would be from the initial determination of the cell or group of cells to form an embryo until the point when the embryo becomes independent of the parent plant.
GO:0009795
embryogenesis and morphogenesis
Wikipedia:Embryogenesis
embryogenesis
embryonal development
biological_process
GO:0009790
embryo development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an embryo from its formation until the end of its embryonic life stage. The end of the embryonic stage is organism-specific. For example, for mammals, the process would begin with zygote formation and end with birth. For insects, the process would begin at zygote formation and end with larval hatching. For plant zygotic embryos, this would be from zygote formation to the end of seed dormancy. For plant vegetative embryos, this would be from the initial determination of the cell or group of cells to form an embryo until the point when the embryo becomes independent of the parent plant.
GOC:go_curators
GOC:isa_complete
GOC:mtg_sensu
The chemical reactions and pathways involving alkaloids, nitrogen containing natural products which are not otherwise classified as peptides, nonprotein amino acids, amines, cyanogenic glycosides, glucosinolates, cofactors, phytohormones or primary metabolites (such as purine or pyrimidine bases).
alkaloid metabolism
biological_process
GO:0009820
alkaloid metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving alkaloids, nitrogen containing natural products which are not otherwise classified as peptides, nonprotein amino acids, amines, cyanogenic glycosides, glucosinolates, cofactors, phytohormones or primary metabolites (such as purine or pyrimidine bases).
GOC:lr
ISBN:0122146743
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of endopeptidase activity, the endohydrolysis of peptide bonds within proteins.
tb
2009-04-27T11:47:01Z
biological_process
GO:0010951
negative regulation of endopeptidase activity
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of endopeptidase activity, the endohydrolysis of peptide bonds within proteins.
GOC:dph
GOC:tb
A process which begins when a cell receives an internal or external signal and activates a series of biochemical events (signaling pathway). The process ends with the death of the cell.
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/24835
GO:0016244
regulated cell death
Wikipedia:Programmed_cell_death
caspase-independent cell death
non-apoptotic programmed cell death
nonapoptotic programmed cell death
biological_process
PCD
RCD
caspase-independent apoptosis
GO:0012501
Note that this term should be used to annotate gene products in the organism undergoing the programmed cell death. To annotate genes in another organism whose products modulate programmed cell death in a host organism, consider the term 'modulation by symbiont of host programmed cell death ; GO:0052040'. Also, note that 'programmed cell death ; GO:0012501' should be used to refer to instances of caspase-independent cell death mechanisms, in the absence of further indications on the process taking place. At present, caspase-independent cell death is not yet represented in GO due to the lack of consensus and in-depth research on the topic. 'programmed cell death ; GO:0012501' may also be used to annotate gene products in taxa where apoptosis as defined in GO:0006915 does not occur, such as plants. You may also consider these specific children: GO:0097468 'programmed cell death in response to reactive oxygen species' (with descendants GO:0010421 'hydrogen peroxide-mediated programmed cell death' and GO:0010343 'singlet oxygen-mediated programmed cell death'), and GO:0009626 'plant-type hypersensitive response' and its children.
programmed cell death
A process which begins when a cell receives an internal or external signal and activates a series of biochemical events (signaling pathway). The process ends with the death of the cell.
GOC:lr
GOC:mtg_apoptosis
The directed movement of proteins into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
GO:0015831
enzyme transport
biological_process
GO:0015031
protein transport
The directed movement of proteins into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
GOC:ai
A series of processes that forms an integrated mechanism by which a cell or an organism detects the depletion of primary carbon sources and then activates genes to scavenge the last traces of the primary carbon source and to transport and metabolize alternative carbon sources such as carbon dioxide or carbonic acid. The utilization process begins when the cell or organism detects carbon levels, includes the activation of genes whose products detect, transport or metabolize carbon-containing substances, and ends when carbon is incorporated into the cell or organism's metabolism.
GO:0015978
Wikipedia:Heterotroph
carbon utilization by utilization of organic compounds
heterotrophy
biological_process
GO:0015976
carbon utilization
A series of processes that forms an integrated mechanism by which a cell or an organism detects the depletion of primary carbon sources and then activates genes to scavenge the last traces of the primary carbon source and to transport and metabolize alternative carbon sources such as carbon dioxide or carbonic acid. The utilization process begins when the cell or organism detects carbon levels, includes the activation of genes whose products detect, transport or metabolize carbon-containing substances, and ends when carbon is incorporated into the cell or organism's metabolism.
GOC:mah
GOC:mlg
carbon utilization by utilization of organic compounds
GOC:mah
The synthesis by organisms of organic chemical compounds, especially carbohydrates, from carbon dioxide (CO2) using energy obtained from light rather than from the oxidation of chemical compounds.
Wikipedia:Photosynthesis
biological_process
GO:0015979
photosynthesis
The synthesis by organisms of organic chemical compounds, especially carbohydrates, from carbon dioxide (CO2) using energy obtained from light rather than from the oxidation of chemical compounds.
ISBN:0198547684
A lipid bilayer along with all the proteins and protein complexes embedded in it and attached to it.
2014-03-06T11:37:54Z
GO:0016021
GO:0098589
GO:0098805
Wikipedia:Biological_membrane
Wikipedia:Transmembrane_protein
integral component of membrane
integral to membrane
membrane region
region of membrane
whole membrane
cellular_component
transmembrane
GO:0016020
membrane
A lipid bilayer along with all the proteins and protein complexes embedded in it and attached to it.
GOC:dos
GOC:mah
ISBN:0815316194
transmembrane
GOC:mah
A cellular transport process in which transported substances are moved in membrane-bounded vesicles; transported substances are enclosed in the vesicle lumen or located in the vesicle membrane. The process begins with a step that directs a substance to the forming vesicle, and includes vesicle budding and coating. Vesicles are then targeted to, and fuse with, an acceptor membrane.
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/25421
GO:0006899
vesicle transport
vesicular transport
nonselective vesicle transport
biological_process
protein sorting along secretory pathway
vesicle trafficking
GO:0016192
vesicle-mediated transport
A cellular transport process in which transported substances are moved in membrane-bounded vesicles; transported substances are enclosed in the vesicle lumen or located in the vesicle membrane. The process begins with a step that directs a substance to the forming vesicle, and includes vesicle budding and coating. Vesicles are then targeted to, and fuse with, an acceptor membrane.
GOC:ai
GOC:mah
ISBN:08789310662000
vesicular transport
GOC:mah
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a lipid or phospholipid.
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/21843
Reactome:R-HSA-163402
Reactome:R-HSA-163432
molecular_function
GO:0016298
lipase activity
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a lipid or phospholipid.
GOC:mah
ISBN:0198506732
Reactome:R-HSA-163402
diacylglycerol + H2O -> 2-acylglycerol + fatty acid
Reactome:R-HSA-163432
cholesterol ester + H2O -> cholesterol + fatty acid
Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a substrate molecule.
Reactome:R-HSA-6788855
Reactome:R-HSA-6788867
phosphokinase activity
molecular_function
GO:0016301
Note that this term encompasses all activities that transfer a single phosphate group; although ATP is by far the most common phosphate donor, reactions using other phosphate donors are included in this term.
kinase activity
Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a substrate molecule.
ISBN:0198506732
Reactome:R-HSA-6788855
FN3KRP phosphorylates PsiAm, RibAm
Reactome:R-HSA-6788867
FN3K phosphorylates ketosamines
The process of introducing a phosphate group into a molecule, usually with the formation of a phosphoric ester, a phosphoric anhydride or a phosphoric amide.
Wikipedia:Phosphorylation
biological_process
GO:0016310
phosphorylation
The process of introducing a phosphate group into a molecule, usually with the formation of a phosphoric ester, a phosphoric anhydride or a phosphoric amide.
ISBN:0198506732
Any protein maturation process achieved by the cleavage of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein. Protein maturation is the process leading to the attainment of the full functional capacity of a protein.
GO:0051605
protein maturation by peptide bond cleavage
protein maturation by peptide bond hydrolysis
biological_process
peptidolysis during protein maturation
protein maturation by proteolysis
GO:0016485
protein processing
Any protein maturation process achieved by the cleavage of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein. Protein maturation is the process leading to the attainment of the full functional capacity of a protein.
GOC:curators
GOC:jl
GOC:jsg
protein maturation by peptide bond cleavage
GOC:bf
protein maturation by peptide bond hydrolysis
GOC:mah
peptidolysis during protein maturation
GOC:mah
protein maturation by proteolysis
GOC:mah
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction, a reversible chemical reaction in which the oxidation state of an atom or atoms within a molecule is altered. One substrate acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and becomes oxidized, while the other acts as hydrogen or electron acceptor and becomes reduced.
EC:1.-.-.-
Reactome:R-HSA-1614362
Reactome:R-HSA-209921
Reactome:R-HSA-209960
Reactome:R-HSA-3095889
Reactome:R-HSA-390425
Reactome:R-HSA-390438
Reactome:R-HSA-5662660
Reactome:R-HSA-8878581
Reactome:R-HSA-8936442
Reactome:R-HSA-9020249
Reactome:R-HSA-9020260
Reactome:R-HSA-9024624
Reactome:R-HSA-9024630
Reactome:R-HSA-9025007
Reactome:R-HSA-9026001
Reactome:R-HSA-9026917
Reactome:R-HSA-9027033
Reactome:R-HSA-9693722
redox activity
oxidoreductase activity, acting on other substrates
molecular_function
GO:0016491
oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction, a reversible chemical reaction in which the oxidation state of an atom or atoms within a molecule is altered. One substrate acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and becomes oxidized, while the other acts as hydrogen or electron acceptor and becomes reduced.
GOC:go_curators
Reactome:R-HSA-1614362
SUMF1 mediates the oxidation of cysteine to formylglycine, producing active arylsulfatases
Reactome:R-HSA-209921
Monoiodinated tyrosine can be deiodinated
Reactome:R-HSA-209960
Diiodinated tyrosine can be deiodinated
Reactome:R-HSA-3095889
MMACHC dealkylates RCbl
Reactome:R-HSA-390425
FAR1 reduces PalmCoA to HXOL
Reactome:R-HSA-390438
FAR2 reduces PalmCoA to HXOL
Reactome:R-HSA-5662660
Dopachrome is transformed to DHICA by DCT
Reactome:R-HSA-8878581
TYRP1 oxidises DHICA to IQCA
Reactome:R-HSA-8936442
MARC1,MARC2 reduce N-hydroxylated compounds
Reactome:R-HSA-9020249
Hydroperoxy reductase reduces 4(S)-Hp-17(S)-HDHA to RvD6
Reactome:R-HSA-9020260
Hydroperoxy reducatse reduces 7(S)-Hp-17(S)-HDHA to RvD5
Reactome:R-HSA-9024624
Hydroperoxy reductase reduces 4(S)-Hp-17(R)-HDHA to AT-RvD6
Reactome:R-HSA-9024630
Hydroperoxy reductase reduces 7(S)-Hp-17(R)-HDHA to AT-RvD5
Reactome:R-HSA-9025007
Hydroperoxy reductase reduces 7(S),14(S)-diHp-DHA to 7-epi-MaR1
Reactome:R-HSA-9026001
Hydroperoxy reductase reduces 7,17-diHp-DPAn-3 to RvD5n-3DPA
Reactome:R-HSA-9026917
Lipoxygenase dehydrogenates 7(S),17(S)-diHp-DHA to 7S(8)-epoxy-17(S)-HDHA
Reactome:R-HSA-9027033
Hydroperoxy reducatase reduces 14(S)-Hp-DHA to 14(S)-HDHA
Reactome:R-HSA-9693722
Unknown sepiapterin synthase transforms PTHP to sepiapterin
Processing which a protein carries out itself. This involves actions such as the autolytic removal of residues to generate the mature form of the protein.
biological_process
GO:0016540
protein autoprocessing
Processing which a protein carries out itself. This involves actions such as the autolytic removal of residues to generate the mature form of the protein.
GOC:ai
PMID:9335337
Catalysis of the transfer of a group, e.g. a methyl group, glycosyl group, acyl group, phosphorus-containing, or other groups, from one compound (generally regarded as the donor) to another compound (generally regarded as the acceptor). Transferase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 2.
EC:2.-.-.-
Reactome:R-HSA-1483089
Reactome:R-HSA-1483186
Reactome:R-HSA-5668414
Reactome:R-HSA-8868783
molecular_function
GO:0016740
transferase activity
Catalysis of the transfer of a group, e.g. a methyl group, glycosyl group, acyl group, phosphorus-containing, or other groups, from one compound (generally regarded as the donor) to another compound (generally regarded as the acceptor). Transferase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 2.
ISBN:0198506732
Reactome:R-HSA-1483089
PE is converted to PS by PTDSS2
Reactome:R-HSA-1483186
PC is converted to PS by PTDSS1
Reactome:R-HSA-5668414
TRAF2 ubiquitinates cIAP1,2 in cIAP1,2:TRAF1:TRAF2:TRAF3:NIK
Reactome:R-HSA-8868783
TSR3 transfers aminocarboxypropyl group from S-adenosylmethionine to N(1)-methylpseudouridine-1248 of 18SE rRNA yielding N(1)-methyl-N(3)-aminocarboxypropylpseudouridine-1248
Catalysis of the transfer of an acyl group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor).
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/20486
GO:0008415
EC:2.3.-.-
Reactome:R-HSA-159431
Reactome:R-HSA-192312
Reactome:R-HSA-193491
Reactome:R-HSA-6792572
Reactome:R-HSA-8858298
transferase activity, transferring acyl groups
molecular_function
GO:0016746
acyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the transfer of an acyl group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor).
GOC:jl
ISBN:0198506732
Reactome:R-HSA-159431
Cytosolic chenodeoxycholoyl-CoA or choloyl-CoA are conjugated with glycine or taurine
Reactome:R-HSA-192312
Choloyl CoA reacts with glycine or taurine to form glycocholate or taurocholate
Reactome:R-HSA-193491
Chenodeoxycholoyl CoA reacts with glycine or taurine to form glycochenodeoxycholate or taurochenodeoxycholate
Reactome:R-HSA-6792572
LIPT1 transfers lipoyl group from lipoyl-GCSH to DHs
Reactome:R-HSA-8858298
HRASLS transfer acyl group from PC to PE to form NAPE
Catalysis of the transfer of a glycosyl group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor).
GO:0016932
EC:2.4.-.-
Reactome:R-HSA-5173005
Reactome:R-HSA-6785565
transferase activity, transferring glycosyl groups
transglycosidase activity
transglycosylase activity
transferase activity, transferring other glycosyl groups
molecular_function
GO:0016757
glycosyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the transfer of a glycosyl group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor).
GOC:jl
ISBN:0198506732
Reactome:R-HSA-5173005
B3GALTL transfers glucose to O-fucosyl-proteins
Reactome:R-HSA-6785565
Defective B3GALTL does not transfer glucose to O-fucosyl-proteins
Catalysis of the transfer of an alkyl or aryl (but not methyl) group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor).
GO:0016766
EC:2.5.1.-
Reactome:R-HSA-3159253
Reactome:R-HSA-4419978
Reactome:R-HSA-4755545
Reactome:R-HSA-6782893
transferase activity, transferring alkyl or aryl groups, other than methyl groups
molecular_function
GO:0016765
transferase activity, transferring alkyl or aryl (other than methyl) groups
Catalysis of the transfer of an alkyl or aryl (but not methyl) group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor).
GOC:jl
ISBN:0198506732
Reactome:R-HSA-3159253
MMAB adenosylates cob(I)alamin
Reactome:R-HSA-4419978
DHDDS:NUS1 elongates E,E-FPP with (n)IPPP to form pPPP
Reactome:R-HSA-4755545
Defective DHDDS does not elongate E,E-FPP
Reactome:R-HSA-6782893
TRMT12 transforms yW-187 yielding yW-86 at nucleotide 37 of tRNA(Phe)
Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphorus-containing group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor).
EC:2.7.-.-
molecular_function
GO:0016772
Note that this term encompasses all kinase activities, as well as activities that transfer other phosphorus-containing groups such as diphosphate or nucleotides.
transferase activity, transferring phosphorus-containing groups
Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphorus-containing group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor).
GOC:jl
ISBN:0198506732
Catalysis of the transfer of a nucleotidyl group to a reactant.
EC:2.7.7.-
Reactome:R-HSA-6782434
molecular_function
GO:0016779
nucleotidyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the transfer of a nucleotidyl group to a reactant.
ISBN:0198506732
Reactome:R-HSA-6782434
THG1L transfers GMP to 5' end of tRNA(His)
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of various bonds, e.g. C-O, C-N, C-C, phosphoric anhydride bonds, etc.
EC:3.-.-.-
Reactome:R-HSA-1236938
Reactome:R-HSA-2029475
Reactome:R-HSA-5694583
Reactome:R-HSA-5695964
Reactome:R-HSA-6786190
Reactome:R-HSA-6788295
Reactome:R-HSA-8938314
Reactome:R-HSA-8952137
molecular_function
GO:0016787
hydrolase activity
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of various bonds, e.g. C-O, C-N, C-C, phosphoric anhydride bonds, etc.
ISBN:0198506732
Reactome:R-HSA-1236938
Partial proteolysis of antigen in phagolysosomes
Reactome:R-HSA-2029475
Production of AA by iPLA2 upon FCGR activation
Reactome:R-HSA-5694583
ABHD4 hydrolyses NAPE
Reactome:R-HSA-5695964
ABHD14B hydrolyses PNPB
Reactome:R-HSA-6786190
CMBL hydrolyses OM to OLMS
Reactome:R-HSA-6788295
HDHD1:Mg2+ dephosphorylates PURIDP
Reactome:R-HSA-8938314
ENPPs hydrolyse CoA-SH to PPANT, PAP
Reactome:R-HSA-8952137
Phospholipid phosphatase 6 hydrolyses Presqualene diphosphate to presqualene monophosphate
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of any ester bond.
EC:3.1.-.-
Reactome:R-HSA-162729
Reactome:R-HSA-9023617
Reactome:R-HSA-9023619
Reactome:R-HSA-9749609
esterase activity
molecular_function
GO:0016788
hydrolase activity, acting on ester bonds
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of any ester bond.
GOC:jl
Reactome:R-HSA-162729
uPAR-acyl-GPI + H2O -> uPAR + long-chain fatty acid
Reactome:R-HSA-9023617
Butyrylcholinesterase hydrolyzes acyl Ghrelin
Reactome:R-HSA-9023619
Platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase (PLA2G7) hydrolyzes acyl Ghrelin
Reactome:R-HSA-9749609
BCHE hydrolyzes ASA-
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of phosphoric monoesters, releasing inorganic phosphate.
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/25755
GO:0003869
GO:0016302
EC:3.1.3.-
Reactome:R-HSA-4419986
Reactome:R-HSA-9636457
phosphoric monoester hydrolase activity
molecular_function
phosphatase
GO:0016791
phosphatase activity
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of phosphoric monoesters, releasing inorganic phosphate.
GOC:curators
GOC:pg
Reactome:R-HSA-4419986
Unknown pPPP phosphatase dephosphorylates pPPP to pPNOL
Reactome:R-HSA-9636457
SapM dephosphorylates PI3P
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of any glycosyl bond.
EC:3.2.-.-
Reactome:R-HSA-1793176
Reactome:R-HSA-2065233
glycosidase activity
N-glycosylase
glycosylase
molecular_function
GO:0016798
hydrolase activity, acting on glycosyl bonds
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of any glycosyl bond.
GOC:jl
Reactome:R-HSA-1793176
DS is cleaved from its proteoglycan
Reactome:R-HSA-2065233
CS is cleaved from its proteoglycan
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of any carbon-nitrogen bond, C-N, with the exception of peptide bonds.
EC:3.5.-.-
Reactome:R-HSA-6803753
hydrolase activity, acting on carbon-nitrogen (but not peptide) bonds, in other compounds
molecular_function
GO:0016810
hydrolase activity, acting on carbon-nitrogen (but not peptide) bonds
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of any carbon-nitrogen bond, C-N, with the exception of peptide bonds.
GOC:jl
Reactome:R-HSA-6803753
NAAA hydrolyses NAEs to FAs and ethanolamine
Catalysis of the cleavage of C-C, C-O, C-N and other bonds by other means than by hydrolysis or oxidation, or conversely adding a group to a double bond. They differ from other enzymes in that two substrates are involved in one reaction direction, but only one in the other direction. When acting on the single substrate, a molecule is eliminated and this generates either a new double bond or a new ring.
EC:4.-.-.-
Reactome:R-HSA-5696408
Reactome:R-HSA-6782895
molecular_function
GO:0016829
lyase activity
Catalysis of the cleavage of C-C, C-O, C-N and other bonds by other means than by hydrolysis or oxidation, or conversely adding a group to a double bond. They differ from other enzymes in that two substrates are involved in one reaction direction, but only one in the other direction. When acting on the single substrate, a molecule is eliminated and this generates either a new double bond or a new ring.
ISBN:0198547684
Reactome:R-HSA-5696408
PXLP-K278-PHYKPL tetramer hydrolyses 5PHL
Reactome:R-HSA-6782895
TYW1:FMN:4Fe-4S transforms 1-methylguanosine yielding yW-187 (4-demethylwyosine) at nucleotide 37 of tRNA(Phe)
Catalysis of the geometric or structural changes within one molecule. Isomerase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 5.
EC:5.-.-.-
Reactome:R-HSA-6787623
other isomerase activity
molecular_function
GO:0016853
isomerase activity
Catalysis of the geometric or structural changes within one molecule. Isomerase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 5.
ISBN:0198506732
Reactome:R-HSA-6787623
TSTA3 dimer epimerises GDP-DHDMan to GDP-KDGal
Catalysis of the joining of two molecules, or two groups within a single molecule, using the energy from the hydrolysis of ATP, a similar triphosphate, or a pH gradient.
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/19380
EC:6.-.-.-
synthetase activity
molecular_function
GO:0016874
ligase activity
Catalysis of the joining of two molecules, or two groups within a single molecule, using the energy from the hydrolysis of ATP, a similar triphosphate, or a pH gradient.
GOC:mah
synthetase activity
GOC:jh2
Binding to a glycoside in which the sugar group is galactose.
molecular_function
GO:0016936
galactoside binding
Binding to a glycoside in which the sugar group is galactose.
GOC:jl
ISBN:0198506732
Catalysis of the reaction: a ribonucleoside triphosphate + H2O = a ribonucleoside diphosphate + H+ + phosphate.
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/21232
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/23401
apyrase activity
nucleoside 5-triphosphatase activity
nucleoside triphosphatase activity
nucleoside triphosphate hydrolase activity
nucleoside triphosphate phosphatase activity
nucleoside-triphosphatase activity
EC:3.6.1.15
MetaCyc:NUCLEOSIDE-TRIPHOSPHATASE-RXN
RHEA:23680
Reactome:R-HSA-8850846
Reactome:R-HSA-8851089
Reactome:R-HSA-8851110
Reactome:R-HSA-8851234
Reactome:R-HSA-8851494
Reactome:R-HSA-8851538
NTPase activity
molecular_function
nucleoside triphosphate phosphohydrolase activity
nucleoside-5-triphosphate phosphohydrolase activity
GO:0017111
ribonucleoside triphosphate phosphatase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: a ribonucleoside triphosphate + H2O = a ribonucleoside diphosphate + H+ + phosphate.
RHEA:23680
nucleoside 5-triphosphatase activity
EC:3.6.1.15
Reactome:R-HSA-8850846
NTPDase1 hydrolyzes nucleoside triphosphates
Reactome:R-HSA-8851089
NTPDase2 hydrolyzes nucleoside triphosphates
Reactome:R-HSA-8851110
NTPDase3 hydrolyzes nucleoside triphosphates
Reactome:R-HSA-8851234
NTPDase4 hydrolyzes nucleoside triphosphates
Reactome:R-HSA-8851494
NTPDase7 hydrolyzes nucleoside triphosphates
Reactome:R-HSA-8851538
NTPDase8 hydrolyzes nucleoside triphosphates
Binding to a Wnt-protein, a secreted growth factor involved in signaling.
molecular_function
GO:0017147
Wnt-protein binding
Binding to a Wnt-protein, a secreted growth factor involved in signaling.
GOC:jl
Catalysis of the reaction: S-formylglutathione + H2O = formate + glutathione + H+.
EC:3.1.2.12
KEGG_REACTION:R00527
MetaCyc:S-FORMYLGLUTATHIONE-HYDROLASE-RXN
RHEA:14961
Reactome:R-HSA-5693724
UM-BBD_reactionID:r0241
molecular_function
GO:0018738
S-formylglutathione hydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: S-formylglutathione + H2O = formate + glutathione + H+.
EC:3.1.2.12
RHEA:14961
Reactome:R-HSA-5693724
ESD dimer hydrolyses S-FGSH to GSH
The complete protein-nucleic acid complex that is the packaged form of the genome in a virus particle.
GO:0019014
core
nucleocapsid
cellular_component
GO:0019013
viral nucleocapsid
The complete protein-nucleic acid complex that is the packaged form of the genome in a virus particle.
ISBN:0781702534
The protein coat that surrounds the infective nucleic acid in some virus particles. It comprises numerous regularly arranged subunits, or capsomeres.
GO:0046728
Wikipedia:Capsid
cellular_component
GO:0019028
viral capsid
The protein coat that surrounds the infective nucleic acid in some virus particles. It comprises numerous regularly arranged subunits, or capsomeres.
GOC:mtg_sensu
ISBN:0198506732
The lipid bilayer of a virion that surrounds the protein capsid. May also contain glycoproteins.
Wikipedia:Viral_envelope
viral outside membrane
cellular_component
viral glycoprotein
GO:0019031
viral envelope
The lipid bilayer of a virion that surrounds the protein capsid. May also contain glycoproteins.
GOC:bf
GOC:bm
GOC:jl
ISBN:0781718325
Wikipedia:Viral_envelope
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in many of the chemical changes of compounds that are not necessarily required for growth and maintenance of cells, and are often unique to a taxon. In multicellular organisms secondary metabolism is generally carried out in specific cell types, and may be useful for the organism as a whole. In unicellular organisms, secondary metabolism is often used for the production of antibiotics or for the utilization and acquisition of unusual nutrients.
Wikipedia:Secondary_metabolism
secondary metabolism
secondary metabolite metabolic process
secondary metabolite metabolism
biological_process
GO:0019748
secondary metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in many of the chemical changes of compounds that are not necessarily required for growth and maintenance of cells, and are often unique to a taxon. In multicellular organisms secondary metabolism is generally carried out in specific cell types, and may be useful for the organism as a whole. In unicellular organisms, secondary metabolism is often used for the production of antibiotics or for the utilization and acquisition of unusual nutrients.
GOC:go_curators
The rupture of cell membranes and the loss of cytoplasm.
lysis
Wikipedia:Cytolysis
biological_process
autolysin activity
bacteriocin activity
bacteriolytic toxin activity
holin
lysin activity
necrosis
GO:0019835
cytolysis
The rupture of cell membranes and the loss of cytoplasm.
UniProtKB-KW:KW-0204
Binding to a growth factor, proteins or polypeptides that stimulate a cell or organism to grow or proliferate.
molecular_function
neurotrophin TRK receptor activity
GO:0019838
growth factor binding
Binding to a growth factor, proteins or polypeptides that stimulate a cell or organism to grow or proliferate.
GOC:curators
Binding to a ribosomal RNA.
GO:0000944
base pairing with rRNA
molecular_function
GO:0019843
rRNA binding
Binding to a ribosomal RNA.
GOC:jl
Binding to an immunoglobulin of an IgG isotype.
molecular_function
GO:0019864
IgG binding
Binding to an immunoglobulin of an IgG isotype.
GOC:add
ISBN:0781735149
Binding to an enzyme, a protein with catalytic activity.
molecular_function
GO:0019899
enzyme binding
Binding to an enzyme, a protein with catalytic activity.
GOC:jl
Binding to a specific domain of a protein.
protein domain-specific binding
molecular_function
GO:0019904
protein domain specific binding
Binding to a specific domain of a protein.
GOC:go_curators
A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for an anatomical structure, cell or cellular component to attain its fully functional state.
biological_process
GO:0021700
developmental maturation
A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for an anatomical structure, cell or cellular component to attain its fully functional state.
GOC:cls
GOC:dgh
GOC:dph
GOC:jid
GO_REF:0000021
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a cellular component.
GO:0071844
cell structure assembly
cellular component assembly at cellular level
biological_process
GO:0022607
cellular component assembly
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a cellular component.
GOC:isa_complete
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and RNA molecules to form a ribonucleoprotein complex.
RNA-protein complex assembly
RNP complex assembly
ribonucleoprotein complex assembly
biological_process
GO:0022618
protein-RNA complex assembly
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and RNA molecules to form a ribonucleoprotein complex.
GOC:jl
Enables the transfer of a substance, usually a specific substance or a group of related substances, from one side of a membrane to the other.
GO:0005386
GO:0015563
GO:0015646
GO:0022891
GO:0022892
Reactome:R-HSA-1236947
Reactome:R-HSA-429036
Reactome:R-HSA-5638209
Reactome:R-HSA-5671707
Reactome:R-HSA-6784434
Reactome:R-HSA-6784436
molecular_function
substrate-specific transmembrane transporter activity
substrate-specific transporter activity
uptake permease activity
uptake transmembrane transporter activity
GO:0022857
transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of a substance, usually a specific substance or a group of related substances, from one side of a membrane to the other.
GOC:jid
GOC:mtg_transport
ISBN:0815340729
Reactome:R-HSA-1236947
Egress of internalized antigen to the cytosol via sec61
Reactome:R-HSA-429036
SLC2A9 transports Fru, Glc, urate
Reactome:R-HSA-5638209
Defective SLC2A9 does not transport Fru, Glc, urate
Reactome:R-HSA-5671707
Fe3+ dissociates from SLC22A17:LCN2:2,5DHBA
Reactome:R-HSA-6784434
An unknown carrier transports cytosolic glyoxylate to the peroxisome
Reactome:R-HSA-6784436
An unknown carrier transports mitochondrial glyoxylate to the cytosol
The cellular developmental process in which a relatively unspecialized cell, e.g. embryonic or regenerative cell, acquires specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize a specific cell. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate and its subsequent development to the mature state.
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/24390
Wikipedia:Cellular_differentiation
biological_process
GO:0030154
cell differentiation
The cellular developmental process in which a relatively unspecialized cell, e.g. embryonic or regenerative cell, acquires specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize a specific cell. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate and its subsequent development to the mature state.
ISBN:0198506732
Binding to a low-density lipoprotein particle, a lipoprotein particle that is rich in cholesterol esters and low in triglycerides, is typically composed of APOB100 and APOE, and has a density of 1.02-1.06 g/ml and a diameter of between 20-25 nm.
LDL binding
molecular_function
GO:0030169
low-density lipoprotein particle binding
Binding to a low-density lipoprotein particle, a lipoprotein particle that is rich in cholesterol esters and low in triglycerides, is typically composed of APOB100 and APOE, and has a density of 1.02-1.06 g/ml and a diameter of between 20-25 nm.
GOC:mah
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an extracellular matrix.
extracellular matrix organisation
biological_process
extracellular matrix organization and biogenesis
GO:0030198
extracellular matrix organization
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an extracellular matrix.
GOC:mah
extracellular matrix organization and biogenesis
GOC:mah
Binds to and modulates the activity of an enzyme.
GO:0010576
catalytic regulator activity
enzyme modulator
metalloenzyme regulator activity
molecular_function
GO:0030234
This term should only be used in cases when the regulator directly interacts with the enzyme.
enzyme regulator activity
Binds to and modulates the activity of an enzyme.
GOC:dph
GOC:mah
GOC:tb
catalytic regulator activity
GOC:dph
Binding to a carbohydrate, which includes monosaccharides, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides as well as substances derived from monosaccharides by reduction of the carbonyl group (alditols), by oxidation of one or more hydroxy groups to afford the corresponding aldehydes, ketones, or carboxylic acids, or by replacement of one or more hydroxy group(s) by a hydrogen atom. Cyclitols are generally not regarded as carbohydrates.
GO:0005529
sugar binding
molecular_function
selectin
GO:0030246
carbohydrate binding
Binding to a carbohydrate, which includes monosaccharides, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides as well as substances derived from monosaccharides by reduction of the carbonyl group (alditols), by oxidation of one or more hydroxy groups to afford the corresponding aldehydes, ketones, or carboxylic acids, or by replacement of one or more hydroxy group(s) by a hydrogen atom. Cyclitols are generally not regarded as carbohydrates.
GOC:mah
A structure that lies outside the plasma membrane and surrounds the entire cell or cells. This does not include the periplasmic space.
cellular_component
GO:0030312
The outer membrane (of gram negative bacteria) or cell wall (of yeast or Gram positive bacteria) are defined as parts of this structure, see 'external encapsulating structure part'.
external encapsulating structure
A structure that lies outside the plasma membrane and surrounds the entire cell or cells. This does not include the periplasmic space.
GOC:go_curators
The codon binding activity of a tRNA that positions an activated amino acid, mediating its insertion at the correct point in the sequence of a nascent polypeptide chain during protein synthesis.
molecular_function
tRNA
transfer RNA
GO:0030533
Note that this term can be used in place of the obsolete term 'transfer RNA ; GO:0005563'.
triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity
The codon binding activity of a tRNA that positions an activated amino acid, mediating its insertion at the correct point in the sequence of a nascent polypeptide chain during protein synthesis.
GOC:hjd
GOC:mtg_MIT_16mar07
ISBN:0198506732
Binding to an adenyl nucleotide, an adenosine esterified with (ortho)phosphate.
molecular_function
GO:0030554
adenyl nucleotide binding
Binding to an adenyl nucleotide, an adenosine esterified with (ortho)phosphate.
ISBN:0198506732
The binding activity of a protein that brings together two or more macromolecules in contact, permitting those molecules to function in a coordinated way. The adaptor can bring together two proteins, or a protein and another macromolecule such as a lipid or a nucleic acid.
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/18655
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/19409
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/22925
protein binding, bridging
protein-protein adaptor
molecular_function
protein recruiting activity
GO:0030674
protein-macromolecule adaptor activity
The binding activity of a protein that brings together two or more macromolecules in contact, permitting those molecules to function in a coordinated way. The adaptor can bring together two proteins, or a protein and another macromolecule such as a lipid or a nucleic acid.
GOC:bf
GOC:mah
GOC:vw
The directed movement of substances along cytoskeletal fibers such as microfilaments or microtubules within a cell.
biological_process
GO:0030705
cytoskeleton-dependent intracellular transport
The directed movement of substances along cytoskeletal fibers such as microfilaments or microtubules within a cell.
GOC:mah
Binding to beta-2-microglobulin.
molecular_function
GO:0030881
beta-2-microglobulin binding
Binding to beta-2-microglobulin.
GOC:mah
A structure lying external to one or more cells, which provides structural support, biochemical or biomechanical cues for cells or tissues.
GO:0005578
NIF_Subcellular:nlx_subcell_20090513
Wikipedia:Extracellular_matrix
proteinaceous extracellular matrix
matrisome
cellular_component
GO:0031012
extracellular matrix
A structure lying external to one or more cells, which provides structural support, biochemical or biomechanical cues for cells or tissues.
GOC:BHF
GOC:mah
GOC:rph
NIF_Subcellular:nlx_subcell_20090513
PMID:21123617
PMID:28089324
A vesicle found in the cytoplasm of a cell.
GO:0016023
NIF_Subcellular:sao180601769
cellular_component
cytoplasmic membrane bounded vesicle
cytoplasmic membrane-enclosed vesicle
cytoplasmic, membrane-bounded vesicle
GO:0031410
cytoplasmic vesicle
A vesicle found in the cytoplasm of a cell.
GOC:ai
GOC:mah
GOC:vesicles
The proteolytic processing of an inactive enzyme to an active form.
zymogen activation by proteolytic cleavage
biological_process
GO:0031638
zymogen activation
The proteolytic processing of an inactive enzyme to an active form.
GOC:hjd
The process in which inactive plasminogen is processed to active plasmin. This process includes cleavage at an internal Arg-Val site to form an N-terminal A-chain and C-terminal B-chain held together by a disulfide bond, and can include further proteolytic cleavage events to remove the preactivation peptide.
cleavage of plasminogen to plasmin
biological_process
GO:0031639
plasminogen activation
The process in which inactive plasminogen is processed to active plasmin. This process includes cleavage at an internal Arg-Val site to form an N-terminal A-chain and C-terminal B-chain held together by a disulfide bond, and can include further proteolytic cleavage events to remove the preactivation peptide.
PMID:9548733
Binding to insulin-like growth factor I.
IGF-I binding
molecular_function
GO:0031994
insulin-like growth factor I binding
Binding to insulin-like growth factor I.
GOC:mah
Binding to insulin-like growth factor II.
IGF-II binding
molecular_function
GO:0031995
insulin-like growth factor II binding
Binding to insulin-like growth factor II.
GOC:mah
Binding to a small conjugating protein such as ubiquitin or a ubiquitin-like protein.
small conjugating protein binding
molecular_function
GO:0032182
ubiquitin-like protein binding
Binding to a small conjugating protein such as ubiquitin or a ubiquitin-like protein.
GOC:mah
small conjugating protein binding
GOC:dph
Any process involved in mediating the movement of discrete segments of DNA between nonhomologous sites. For elements that are transcribed as the first step of transposition, the process starts with the transcription of the transposable element, its translation and maturation, and ending with integration into DNA. For elements that are cut out, the process starts with the excision of the donor DNA and integrated into another site.
Wikipedia:Transposon
biological_process
GO:0032196
transposition
Any process involved in mediating the movement of discrete segments of DNA between nonhomologous sites. For elements that are transcribed as the first step of transposition, the process starts with the transcription of the transposable element, its translation and maturation, and ending with integration into DNA. For elements that are cut out, the process starts with the excision of the donor DNA and integrated into another site.
ISBN:1555812090
PMID:14682279
PMID:25893143
The process in which a methyl group is covalently attached to a molecule.
Wikipedia:Methylation
biological_process
GO:0032259
methylation
The process in which a methyl group is covalently attached to a molecule.
GOC:mah
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/22021
jl
2015-01-20T14:32:14Z
GO:1903827
regulation of cellular protein localisation
regulation of cellular protein localization
regulation of protein localisation
biological_process
GO:0032880
regulation of protein localization
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.
GOC:dph
GOC:mah
GOC:tb
regulation of cellular protein localisation
GOC:TermGenie
regulation of protein localisation
GOC:mah
A stable assembly of two or more macromolecules, i.e. proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates or lipids, in which at least one component is a protein and the constituent parts function together.
GO:0043234
macromolecular complex
macromolecule complex
protein containing complex
protein complex
protein-protein complex
cellular_component
GO:0032991
A protein complex in this context is meant as a stable set of interacting proteins which can be co-purified by an acceptable method, and where the complex has been shown to exist as an isolated, functional unit in vivo. Acceptable experimental methods include stringent protein purification followed by detection of protein interaction. The following methods should be considered non-acceptable: simple immunoprecipitation, pull-down experiments from cell extracts without further purification, colocalization and 2-hybrid screening. Interactions that should not be captured as protein complexes include: 1) enzyme/substrate, receptor/ligand or any similar transient interactions, unless these are a critical part of the complex assembly or are required e.g. for the receptor to be functional; 2) proteins associated in a pull-down/co-immunoprecipitation assay with no functional link or any evidence that this is a defined biological entity rather than a loose-affinity complex; 3) any complex where the only evidence is based on genetic interaction data; 4) partial complexes, where some subunits (e.g. transmembrane ones) cannot be expressed as recombinant proteins and are excluded from experiments (in this case, independent evidence is necessary to find out the composition of the full complex, if known). Interactions that may be captured as protein complexes include: 1) enzyme/substrate or receptor/ligand if the complex can only assemble and become functional in the presence of both classes of subunits; 2) complexes where one of the members has not been shown to be physically linked to the other(s), but is a homologue of, and has the same functionality as, a protein that has been experimentally demonstrated to form a complex with the other member(s); 3) complexes whose existence is accepted based on localization and pharmacological studies, but for which experimental evidence is not yet available for the complex as a whole.
protein-containing complex
A stable assembly of two or more macromolecules, i.e. proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates or lipids, in which at least one component is a protein and the constituent parts function together.
GOC:dos
GOC:mah
Catalysis of the reaction: cis-stilbene oxide + H2O = (+)-(1R,2R)-1,2-diphenylethane-1,2-diol.
arene-oxide hydratase activity
aryl epoxide hydrase activity
epoxide hydrase activity
epoxide hydratase activity
EC:3.3.2.9
MetaCyc:3.3.2.9-RXN
RHEA:23900
Reactome:R-HSA-5694077
benzo(a)pyrene-4,5-epoxide hydratase activity
benzo[a]pyrene-4,5-oxide hydratase activity
microsomal epoxide hydrase activity
microsomal epoxide hydratase activity
microsomal epoxide hydrolase activity
molecular_function
cis-epoxide hydrolase activity
mEH
GO:0033961
cis-stilbene-oxide hydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: cis-stilbene oxide + H2O = (+)-(1R,2R)-1,2-diphenylethane-1,2-diol.
EC:3.3.2.9
arene-oxide hydratase activity
EC:3.3.2.9
aryl epoxide hydrase activity
EC:3.3.2.9
epoxide hydrase activity
EC:3.3.2.9
epoxide hydratase activity
EC:3.3.2.9
Reactome:R-HSA-5694077
EPHX1 hydrates BaP4,5O to BaP4,5-DHD
benzo(a)pyrene-4,5-epoxide hydratase activity
EC:3.3.2.9
benzo[a]pyrene-4,5-oxide hydratase activity
EC:3.3.2.9
microsomal epoxide hydrase activity
EC:3.3.2.9
microsomal epoxide hydratase activity
EC:3.3.2.9
microsomal epoxide hydrolase activity
EC:3.3.2.9
cis-epoxide hydrolase activity
EC:3.3.2.9
mEH
EC:3.3.2.9
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cell junction. A cell junction is a specialized region of connection between two cells or between a cell and the extracellular matrix.
cell junction assembly and maintenance
cell junction organisation
biological_process
cell junction biogenesis
GO:0034330
cell junction organization
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cell junction. A cell junction is a specialized region of connection between two cells or between a cell and the extracellular matrix.
GOC:dph
GOC:jl
GOC:mah
cell junction organisation
GOC:mah
The chemical reactions and pathways involving various organic and inorganic nitrogenous compounds, as carried out by individual cells.
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/26424
cellular nitrogen compound metabolism
biological_process
GO:0034641
cellular nitrogen compound metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving various organic and inorganic nitrogenous compounds, as carried out by individual cells.
GOC:mah
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids.
nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid breakdown
nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid catabolism
nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid degradation
biological_process
nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid catabolic process
GO:0034655
nucleobase-containing compound catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids.
GOC:mah
nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid catabolic process
GOC:dph
GOC:tb
Binding to a glutamate receptor.
molecular_function
GO:0035254
glutamate receptor binding
Binding to a glutamate receptor.
GOC:bf
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of exposure to a stilbenoid. Stilbenoids are secondary products of heartwood formation in trees that can act as phytoalexins. Stilbenoids are hydroxylated derivatives of stilbene. They belong to the family of phenylpropanoids and share most of their biosynthesis pathway with chalcones.
bf
2011-01-12T10:37:33Z
biological_process
GO:0035634
response to stilbenoid
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of exposure to a stilbenoid. Stilbenoids are secondary products of heartwood formation in trees that can act as phytoalexins. Stilbenoids are hydroxylated derivatives of stilbene. They belong to the family of phenylpropanoids and share most of their biosynthesis pathway with chalcones.
GOC:yaf
Wikipedia:Stilbenoid
The covalent alteration of one or more amino acids occurring in proteins, peptides and nascent polypeptides (co-translational, post-translational modifications). Includes the modification of charged tRNAs that are destined to occur in a protein (pre-translation modification).
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/23112
bf
2012-04-26T01:47:12Z
GO:0006464
cellular protein modification process
process resulting in protein modification
protein modification
biological_process
GO:0036211
protein modification process
The covalent alteration of one or more amino acids occurring in proteins, peptides and nascent polypeptides (co-translational, post-translational modifications). Includes the modification of charged tRNAs that are destined to occur in a protein (pre-translation modification).
GOC:bf
GOC:jl
protein modification
GOC:bf
Receiving a signal and transmitting it in the cell to initiate a change in cell activity. A signal is a physical entity or change in state that is used to transfer information in order to trigger a response.
bf
2011-08-01T02:45:27Z
GO:0004872
GO:0019041
receptor activity
receptor activity involved in signal transduction
signalling receptor activity
molecular_function
GO:0038023
signaling receptor activity
Receiving a signal and transmitting it in the cell to initiate a change in cell activity. A signal is a physical entity or change in state that is used to transfer information in order to trigger a response.
GOC:bf
GOC:signaling
receptor activity involved in signal transduction
GOC:bf
The increase in size or mass of an entire organism, a part of an organism or a cell.
GO:0048590
biological_process
growth pattern
non-developmental growth
GO:0040007
See also the biological process term 'cell growth ; GO:0016049'.
growth
The increase in size or mass of an entire organism, a part of an organism or a cell.
GOC:bf
GOC:ma
non-developmental growth
GOC:mah
Self-propelled movement of a cell or organism from one location to another.
biological_process
GO:0040011
locomotion
Self-propelled movement of a cell or organism from one location to another.
GOC:dgh
Providing the environmental signal that initiates the directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a higher concentration of that signal.
attractant
molecular_function
GO:0042056
chemoattractant activity
Providing the environmental signal that initiates the directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a higher concentration of that signal.
GOC:go_curators
ISBN:0198506732
A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of ribosome subunits; includes transport to the sites of protein synthesis.
GO:0007046
ribosome biogenesis and assembly
biological_process
GO:0042254
ribosome biogenesis
A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of ribosome subunits; includes transport to the sites of protein synthesis.
GOC:ma
PMID:26404467
Wikipedia:Ribosome_biogenesis
Binding to a peptide, an organic compound comprising two or more amino acids linked by peptide bonds.
molecular_function
GO:0042277
peptide binding
Binding to a peptide, an organic compound comprising two or more amino acids linked by peptide bonds.
GOC:jl
Binding to a histone, any of a group of water-soluble proteins found in association with the DNA of eukaryotic or archaeal chromosomes. They are involved in the condensation and coiling of chromosomes during cell division and have also been implicated in gene regulation and DNA replication. They may be chemically modified (methylated, acetlyated and others) to regulate gene transcription.
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/23106
molecular_function
histone-specific chaperone activity
GO:0042393
histone binding
Binding to a histone, any of a group of water-soluble proteins found in association with the DNA of eukaryotic or archaeal chromosomes. They are involved in the condensation and coiling of chromosomes during cell division and have also been implicated in gene regulation and DNA replication. They may be chemically modified (methylated, acetlyated and others) to regulate gene transcription.
GOC:jl
PMID:16209651
PMID:30212449
PMID:9305837
Binding to an hormone, a naturally occurring substance secreted by specialized cells that affect the metabolism or behavior of cells possessing functional receptors for the hormone. Hormones may be produced by the same, or different, cell as express the receptor.
molecular_function
GO:0042562
hormone binding
Binding to an hormone, a naturally occurring substance secreted by specialized cells that affect the metabolism or behavior of cells possessing functional receptors for the hormone. Hormones may be produced by the same, or different, cell as express the receptor.
GOC:jl
Any biological process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state.
GO:0032844
GO:0032845
GO:0032846
homeostasis
activation of homeostatic process
inhibition of homeostatic process
biological_process
negative regulation of homeostatic process
positive regulation of homeostatic process
regulation of homeostatic process
GO:0042592
homeostatic process
Any biological process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state.
GOC:jl
ISBN:0395825172
Binding to an antigen peptide.
GO:0042606
GO:0042607
endogenous peptide antigen binding
exogenous peptide antigen binding
molecular_function
GO:0042605
Note that this term can be used to describe the binding of a peptide to an MHC molecule.
peptide antigen binding
Binding to an antigen peptide.
GOC:add
GOC:jl
GOC:rv
Binding to an identical protein or proteins.
isoform-specific homophilic binding
molecular_function
protein homopolymerization
GO:0042802
identical protein binding
Binding to an identical protein or proteins.
GOC:jl
isoform-specific homophilic binding
PMID:17889655
Binding to an identical protein to form a homodimer.
dimerization activity
molecular_function
GO:0042803
protein homodimerization activity
Binding to an identical protein to form a homodimer.
GOC:jl
Combining with a Wnt protein and transmitting the signal across the plasma membrane to initiate a change in cell activity.
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/23056
Wnt-activated receptor activity
molecular_function
frizzled receptor activity
frizzled-2 receptor activity
GO:0042813
Wnt receptor activity
Combining with a Wnt protein and transmitting the signal across the plasma membrane to initiate a change in cell activity.
GOC:go_curators
Binding to a protein or protein complex using energy from ATP hydrolysis.
molecular_function
GO:0043008
ATP-dependent protein binding
Binding to a protein or protein complex using energy from ATP hydrolysis.
GOC:jl
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process.
up regulation of apoptosis
up-regulation of apoptosis
upregulation of apoptosis
activation of apoptosis
positive regulation of apoptosis
stimulation of apoptosis
biological_process
pro-apoptosis
GO:0043065
This term should only be used when it is not possible to determine which phase or subtype of the apoptotic process is positively regulated by a gene product. Whenever detailed information is available, the more granular children terms should be used.
positive regulation of apoptotic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process.
GOC:jl
GOC:mtg_apoptosis
Any process that activates or increases the activity of an enzyme.
GO:0048554
positive regulation of enzyme activity
up regulation of enzyme activity
up-regulation of enzyme activity
upregulation of enzyme activity
activation of enzyme activity
activation of metalloenzyme activity
positive regulation of metalloenzyme activity
stimulation of enzyme activity
stimulation of metalloenzyme activity
up regulation of metalloenzyme activity
up-regulation of metalloenzyme activity
upregulation of metalloenzyme activity
biological_process
GO:0043085
positive regulation of catalytic activity
Any process that activates or increases the activity of an enzyme.
GOC:ebc
GOC:jl
GOC:tb
GOC:vw
positive regulation of enzyme activity
GOC:tb
Binding to an ion, a charged atoms or groups of atoms.
molecular_function
atom binding
GO:0043167
ion binding
Binding to an ion, a charged atoms or groups of atoms.
GOC:jl
Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton, and prokaryotic structures such as anammoxosomes and pirellulosomes. Excludes the plasma membrane.
NIF_Subcellular:sao1539965131
Wikipedia:Organelle
cellular_component
GO:0043226
organelle
Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton, and prokaryotic structures such as anammoxosomes and pirellulosomes. Excludes the plasma membrane.
GOC:go_curators
The accumulation of pigment in an organism, tissue or cell, either by increased deposition or by increased number of cells.
biological_process
GO:0043473
pigmentation
The accumulation of pigment in an organism, tissue or cell, either by increased deposition or by increased number of cells.
GOC:jl
Binding to a domain within the same polypeptide.
intramolecular protein binding
protein self association
protein self binding
molecular_function
GO:0043621
protein self-association
Binding to a domain within the same polypeptide.
GOC:jl
The cytolytic destruction of red blood cells, with the release of intracellular hemoglobin, in one organism by another.
jl
2009-09-04T03:36:00Z
GO:1990142
hemolysis in other organism
hemolysis of RBCs in other organism
hemolysis of cells in other organism
hemolysis of erythrocytes in other organism
hemolysis of red blood cells in other organism
envenomation resulting in hemolysis in another organism
envenomation resulting in hemolysis in other organism
biological_process
GO:0044179
hemolysis in another organism
The cytolytic destruction of red blood cells, with the release of intracellular hemoglobin, in one organism by another.
GOC:jl
PMID:21590705
hemolysis of cells in other organism
GOC:bf
Binding to a protein or a protein-containing complex to assist the protein folding process.
jl
2009-09-25T11:33:48Z
chaperone activity
Reactome:R-HSA-9018785
protein binding involved in protein folding
molecular_function
GO:0044183
protein folding chaperone
Binding to a protein or a protein-containing complex to assist the protein folding process.
GOC:mtg_cambridge_2009
Reactome:R-HSA-9018785
RHOBTB2 binds GTP
The chemical reactions and pathways involving small molecules, any low molecular weight, monomeric, non-encoded molecule.
jl
2010-01-26T12:05:20Z
small molecule metabolism
biological_process
GO:0044281
Small molecules in GO include monosaccharides but exclude disaccharides and polysaccharides.
small molecule metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving small molecules, any low molecular weight, monomeric, non-encoded molecule.
GOC:curators
GOC:pde
GOC:vw
Binding to a transmembrane transporter, a protein or protein complex that enables the transfer of a substance, usually a specific substance or a group of related substances, from one side of a membrane to the other.
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/21331
jl
2010-08-04T12:52:59Z
ion channel binding
molecular_function
GO:0044325
transmembrane transporter binding
Binding to a transmembrane transporter, a protein or protein complex that enables the transfer of a substance, usually a specific substance or a group of related substances, from one side of a membrane to the other.
GOC:BHF
GOC:jl
PMID:33199372
A process carried out by gene products in an organism that enable the organism to engage in a symbiotic relationship, a more or less intimate association, with another organism. The various forms of symbiosis include parasitism, in which the association is disadvantageous or destructive to one of the organisms; mutualism, in which the association is advantageous, or often necessary to one or both and not harmful to either; and commensalism, in which one member of the association benefits while the other is not affected. However, mutualism, parasitism, and commensalism are often not discrete categories of interactions and should rather be perceived as a continuum of interaction ranging from parasitism to mutualism. In fact, the direction of a symbiotic interaction can change during the lifetime of the symbionts due to developmental changes as well as changes in the biotic/abiotic environment in which the interaction occurs. Microscopic symbionts are often referred to as endosymbionts.
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/14807
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/20191
GO:0043298
GO:0044404
GO:0072519
GO:0085031
commensalism
host-pathogen interaction
parasitism
biological_process
symbiosis
symbiosis, encompassing mutualism through parasitism
symbiotic interaction
symbiotic interaction between host and organism
symbiotic interaction between organisms
symbiotic interaction between species
symbiotic process
GO:0044403
biological process involved in symbiotic interaction
A process carried out by gene products in an organism that enable the organism to engage in a symbiotic relationship, a more or less intimate association, with another organism. The various forms of symbiosis include parasitism, in which the association is disadvantageous or destructive to one of the organisms; mutualism, in which the association is advantageous, or often necessary to one or both and not harmful to either; and commensalism, in which one member of the association benefits while the other is not affected. However, mutualism, parasitism, and commensalism are often not discrete categories of interactions and should rather be perceived as a continuum of interaction ranging from parasitism to mutualism. In fact, the direction of a symbiotic interaction can change during the lifetime of the symbionts due to developmental changes as well as changes in the biotic/abiotic environment in which the interaction occurs. Microscopic symbionts are often referred to as endosymbionts.
GOC:cc
PMID:31257129
Any constituent part of a virion, a complete fully infectious extracellular virus particle.
GO:0019012
Wikipedia:Virus
virion part
cellular_component
complete virus particle
virion
GO:0044423
virion component
Any constituent part of a virion, a complete fully infectious extracellular virus particle.
GOC:jl
Binding to a macromolecular complex.
jl
2014-12-16T11:38:58Z
GO:0032403
protein complex binding
molecular_function
macromolecular complex binding
GO:0044877
protein-containing complex binding
Binding to a macromolecular complex.
GOC:jl
Binding to TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand), a member of the tumor necrosis factor ligand family that rapidly induces apoptosis in a variety of transformed cell lines.
Apo-2L binding
molecular_function
GO:0045569
TRAIL binding
Binding to TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand), a member of the tumor necrosis factor ligand family that rapidly induces apoptosis in a variety of transformed cell lines.
GOC:go_curators
PMID:9082980
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an antibiotic stimulus. An antibiotic is a chemical substance produced by a microorganism which has the capacity to inhibit the growth of or to kill other microorganisms.
biological_process
antibiotic susceptibility/resistance
GO:0046677
response to antibiotic
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an antibiotic stimulus. An antibiotic is a chemical substance produced by a microorganism which has the capacity to inhibit the growth of or to kill other microorganisms.
GOC:ai
GOC:ef
Binding to a receptor on the host cell surface.
molecular_function
cell surface antigen activity, host-interacting
cell surface receptor ligand
GO:0046789
host cell surface receptor binding
Binding to a receptor on the host cell surface.
GOC:ai
PMID:11511370
Binding to a nonidentical protein to form a heterodimer.
molecular_function
GO:0046982
protein heterodimerization activity
Binding to a nonidentical protein to form a heterodimer.
GOC:ai
Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + acylglycerol = a fatty acid + glycerol.
EC:3.1.1.23
MetaCyc:3.1.1.23-RXN
RHEA:34019
Reactome:R-HSA-1482543
Reactome:R-HSA-163595
Reactome:R-HSA-192422
Reactome:R-HSA-192425
Reactome:R-HSA-192430
Reactome:R-HSA-192434
Reactome:R-HSA-192475
Reactome:R-HSA-426032
Reactome:R-HSA-426043
Reactome:R-HSA-5694462
molecular_function
fatty acyl monoester lipase activity
glycerol-ester acylhydrolase activity
monoacylglycerol hydrolase activity
monoacylglycerol lipase activity
monoacylglycerolipase activity
monoglyceridase activity
monoglyceride hydrolase activity
monoglyceride lipase activity
monoglyceridyllipase activity
GO:0047372
acylglycerol lipase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + acylglycerol = a fatty acid + glycerol.
EC:3.1.1.23
MetaCyc:3.1.1.23-RXN
Reactome:R-HSA-1482543
2-MAG is hydrolyzed to fatty acid and glycerol by MGLL
Reactome:R-HSA-163595
2-acylglycerol + H2O -> glycerol + fatty acid
Reactome:R-HSA-192422
Digestion of triacylglycerols by extracellular PTL:colipase
Reactome:R-HSA-192425
Digestion of monoacylglycerols by extracellular CEL (bile salt-dependent lipase)
Reactome:R-HSA-192430
Digestion of triacylglycerols by extracellular CEL (bile salt-dependent lipase)
Reactome:R-HSA-192434
Digestion of diacylglycerols by extracellular PTL:colipase
Reactome:R-HSA-192475
Digestion of triacylglycerols by extracellular pancreatic lipase-related protein 2
Reactome:R-HSA-426032
DAG is metabolized by DAGL to 2-AG
Reactome:R-HSA-426043
2-AG hydrolysis to arachidonate by MAGL
Reactome:R-HSA-5694462
ABHD6,12 hydrolyse 3AG
fatty acyl monoester lipase activity
EC:3.1.1.23
glycerol-ester acylhydrolase activity
EC:3.1.1.23
monoacylglycerol hydrolase activity
EC:3.1.1.23
monoacylglycerol lipase activity
EC:3.1.1.23
monoacylglycerolipase activity
EC:3.1.1.23
monoglyceridase activity
EC:3.1.1.23
monoglyceride hydrolase activity
EC:3.1.1.23
monoglyceride lipase activity
EC:3.1.1.23
monoglyceridyllipase activity
EC:3.1.1.23
Catalysis of the reaction: phosphatidylcholine + H2O = 1-acylglycerophosphocholine + a carboxylate. This reaction does not require Ca2+.
Reactome:R-HSA-8952251
calcium-independent cytosolic phospholipase A2 activity
molecular_function
GO:0047499
calcium-independent phospholipase A2 activity
Catalysis of the reaction: phosphatidylcholine + H2O = 1-acylglycerophosphocholine + a carboxylate. This reaction does not require Ca2+.
EC:3.1.1.4
Reactome:R-HSA-8952251
PLA2G15 hydrolyses LPC to GPCho and LCFA(-)
Catalysis of the reaction: a fatty acyl-CoA + H2O = a fatty acid + CoA + H+.
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/26441
GO:0008778
GO:0016291
GO:0016292
acyl-CoA hydrolase activity
EC:3.1.2.20
EC:3.1.2.3
MetaCyc:ACYL-COA-HYDROLASE-RXN
RHEA:16781
Reactome:R-HSA-5690042
Reactome:R-HSA-5690043
Reactome:R-HSA-5690066
acyl-CoA thioesterase activity
acyl-CoA thiolesterase activity
acyl-CoA thioesterase I activity
acyl-CoA thioesterase II activity
molecular_function
acyl coenzyme A hydrolase activity
acyl coenzyme A thioesterase activity
thioesterase B
thioesterase II
GO:0047617
fatty acyl-CoA hydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: a fatty acyl-CoA + H2O = a fatty acid + CoA + H+.
RHEA:16781
Reactome:R-HSA-5690042
Peroxisomal ACOT4,6,8 hydrolyse MCFA-CoA, LCFA-CoA
Reactome:R-HSA-5690043
Cytosolic ACOTs hydrolyse MCFA-CoA, LCFA-CoA
Reactome:R-HSA-5690066
ACOT2,9,THEM4,5 hydrolyse MCFA-CoA, LCFA-CoA
acyl coenzyme A hydrolase activity
EC:3.1.2.20
acyl coenzyme A thioesterase activity
EC:3.1.2.20
thioesterase B
EC:3.1.2.20
thioesterase II
EC:3.1.2.20
Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + taurolithocholate = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + taurolithocholate sulfate.
EC:2.8.2.14
MetaCyc:BILE-SALT-SULFOTRANSFERASE-RXN
RHEA:14013
bile-salt sulphotransferase activity
BAST I activity
bile acid sulfotransferase I activity
glycolithocholate sulfotransferase activity
molecular_function
3'-phosphoadenylyl-sulfate:glycolithocholate sulfotransferase activity
bile acid:3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate sulfotransferase activity
bile salt:3'phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate:sulfotransferase activity
GO:0047704
bile-salt sulfotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + taurolithocholate = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + taurolithocholate sulfate.
EC:2.8.2.14
MetaCyc:BILE-SALT-SULFOTRANSFERASE-RXN
BAST I activity
EC:2.8.2.14
bile acid sulfotransferase I activity
EC:2.8.2.14
glycolithocholate sulfotransferase activity
EC:2.8.2.14
3'-phosphoadenylyl-sulfate:glycolithocholate sulfotransferase activity
EC:2.8.2.14
bile acid:3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate sulfotransferase activity
EC:2.8.2.14
bile salt:3'phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate:sulfotransferase activity
EC:2.8.2.14
Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate + quercetin = adenosine 3',5'-diphosphate + H+ + quercetin 3-sulfate.
EC:2.8.2.25
KEGG_REACTION:R02159
MetaCyc:FLAVONOL-3-SULFOTRANSFERASE-RXN
RHEA:13453
3'-phosphoadenylyl-sulfate:quercetin 3-sulfotransferase activity
flavonol 3-sulphotransferase activity
molecular_function
GO:0047894
flavonol 3-sulfotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate + quercetin = adenosine 3',5'-diphosphate + H+ + quercetin 3-sulfate.
EC:2.8.2.25
RHEA:13453
3'-phosphoadenylyl-sulfate:quercetin 3-sulfotransferase activity
EC:2.8.2.25
The activity of a gene product that interacts with a receptor to effect a change in the activity of the receptor. Ligands may be produced by the same, or different, cell that expresses the receptor. Ligands may diffuse extracellularly from their point of origin to the receiving cell, or remain attached to an adjacent cell surface (e.g. Notch ligands).
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/14220
mah
2010-09-13T04:51:59Z
GO:0071884
receptor agonist activity
signaling molecule
signaling receptor ligand activity
vitamin D receptor activator activity
molecular_function
GO:0048018
receptor ligand activity
The activity of a gene product that interacts with a receptor to effect a change in the activity of the receptor. Ligands may be produced by the same, or different, cell that expresses the receptor. Ligands may diffuse extracellularly from their point of origin to the receiving cell, or remain attached to an adjacent cell surface (e.g. Notch ligands).
GOC:kv
GOC:molecular_function_refactoring
GOC:pdt
receptor agonist activity
GOC:molecular_function_refactoring
The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of an anatomical structure from unspecified parts. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure and ends when the structural rudiment is recognizable. An anatomical structure is any biological entity that occupies space and is distinguished from its surroundings. Anatomical structures can be macroscopic such as a carpel, or microscopic such as an acrosome.
formation of an anatomical structure involved in morphogenesis
biological_process
GO:0048646
Note that, for example, the formation of a pseudopod in an amoeba would not be considered formation involved in morphogenesis because it would not be thought of as the formation of an anatomical structure that was part of the shaping of the amoeba during its development. The formation of an axon from a neuron would be considered the formation of an anatomical structure involved in morphogenesis because it contributes to the creation of the form of the neuron in a developmental sense.
anatomical structure formation involved in morphogenesis
The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of an anatomical structure from unspecified parts. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure and ends when the structural rudiment is recognizable. An anatomical structure is any biological entity that occupies space and is distinguished from its surroundings. Anatomical structures can be macroscopic such as a carpel, or microscopic such as an acrosome.
GOC:dph
GOC:jid
GOC:tb
formation of an anatomical structure involved in morphogenesis
GOC:dph
GOC:tb
The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of an anatomical structure from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the structure and ends with the mature structure, whatever form that may be including its natural destruction. An anatomical structure is any biological entity that occupies space and is distinguished from its surroundings. Anatomical structures can be macroscopic such as a carpel, or microscopic such as an acrosome.
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/26424
development of an anatomical structure
biological_process
GO:0048856
anatomical structure development
The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of an anatomical structure from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the structure and ends with the mature structure, whatever form that may be including its natural destruction. An anatomical structure is any biological entity that occupies space and is distinguished from its surroundings. Anatomical structures can be macroscopic such as a carpel, or microscopic such as an acrosome.
GO_REF:0000021
Any process involved in the controlled self-propelled movement of a cell that results in translocation of the cell from one place to another.
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/19809
cell locomotion
movement of a cell
biological_process
cell movement
GO:0048870
cell motility
Any process involved in the controlled self-propelled movement of a cell that results in translocation of the cell from one place to another.
GOC:dgh
GOC:dph
GOC:isa_complete
GOC:mlg
Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + a phenolic steroid = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + steroid O-sulfate.
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/21412
steroid alcohol sulfotransferase
EC:2.8.2.15
MetaCyc:STEROID-SULFOTRANSFERASE-RXN
RHEA:68460
Reactome:R-HSA-176517
Reactome:R-HSA-176521
Reactome:R-HSA-176631
steroid sulphotransferase activity
molecular_function
3'-phosphoadenylyl-sulfate:phenolic-steroid sulfotransferase activity
GO:0050294
steroid sulfotransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + a phenolic steroid = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + steroid O-sulfate.
MetaCyc:STEROID-SULFOTRANSFERASE-RXN
RHEA:68460
steroid alcohol sulfotransferase
EC:2.8.2.15
Reactome:R-HSA-176517
SULTs transfer (SO4)2- group to PREG
Reactome:R-HSA-176521
beta-estradiol + PAPS => beta-estradiol 3-sulfate + PAP
Reactome:R-HSA-176631
dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) + PAPS => DHEA sulfate + PAP
3'-phosphoadenylyl-sulfate:phenolic-steroid sulfotransferase activity
EC:2.8.2.15
Any process that modulates the activity of an enzyme.
GO:0048552
regulation of enzyme activity
regulation of metalloenzyme activity
biological_process
GO:0050790
regulation of catalytic activity
Any process that modulates the activity of an enzyme.
GOC:ai
GOC:ebc
GOC:vw
Any process involved in maintaining the structure and integrity of a protein and preventing it from degradation or aggregation.
positive regulation of protein stability
protein stabilisation
lysosomal protein stabilization
biological_process
protein sequestering
protein stabilization activity
GO:0050821
protein stabilization
Any process involved in maintaining the structure and integrity of a protein and preventing it from degradation or aggregation.
GOC:ai
protein stabilisation
GOC:ah
Binding to a component of the extracellular matrix.
extracellular matrix constituent binding
molecular_function
adhesive extracellular matrix constituent
GO:0050840
extracellular matrix binding
Binding to a component of the extracellular matrix.
GOC:ai
A organ system process carried out by any of the organs or tissues of neurological system.
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13824
neurological system process
neurophysiological process
biological_process
pan-neural process
GO:0050877
nervous system process
A organ system process carried out by any of the organs or tissues of neurological system.
GOC:ai
GOC:mtg_cardio
Binding to an unfolded protein.
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/21436
chaperone activity
Reactome:R-HSA-9683772
Reactome:R-HSA-9694337
molecular_function
GO:0051082
unfolded protein binding
Binding to an unfolded protein.
GOC:ai
Reactome:R-HSA-9683772
Trimmed spike protein binds to calnexin
Reactome:R-HSA-9694337
Trimmed spike protein binds to calnexin
Binding to a phosphorylated protein.
phosphorylated protein binding
molecular_function
GO:0051219
phosphoprotein binding
Binding to a phosphorylated protein.
GOC:ai
A process that is carried out at the cellular level that results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of chromosomes, structures composed of a very long molecule of DNA and associated proteins that carries hereditary information. This term covers covalent modifications at the molecular level as well as spatial relationships among the major components of a chromosome.
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/22811
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/4585
GO:0006323
GO:0007001
GO:0051277
DNA condensation
chromosome organisation
DNA packaging
biological_process
chromosome organization and biogenesis
maintenance of genome integrity
nuclear genome maintenance
GO:0051276
chromosome organization
A process that is carried out at the cellular level that results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of chromosomes, structures composed of a very long molecule of DNA and associated proteins that carries hereditary information. This term covers covalent modifications at the molecular level as well as spatial relationships among the major components of a chromosome.
GOC:ai
GOC:dph
GOC:jl
GOC:mah
chromosome organization and biogenesis
GOC:mah
Binding to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, a coenzyme involved in many redox and biosynthetic reactions; binding may be to either the oxidized form, NAD+, or the reduced form, NADH.
GO:0051288
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide binding
molecular_function
NAD or NADH binding
NAD+ or NADH binding
GO:0051287
NAD binding
Binding to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, a coenzyme involved in many redox and biosynthetic reactions; binding may be to either the oxidized form, NAD+, or the reduced form, NADH.
GOC:ai
NAD or NADH binding
GOC:mah
The process resulting in division and partitioning of components of a cell to form more cells; may or may not be accompanied by the physical separation of a cell into distinct, individually membrane-bounded daughter cells.
Wikipedia:Cell_division
biological_process
GO:0051301
Note that this term differs from 'cytokinesis ; GO:0000910' in that cytokinesis does not include nuclear division.
cell division
The process resulting in division and partitioning of components of a cell to form more cells; may or may not be accompanied by the physical separation of a cell into distinct, individually membrane-bounded daughter cells.
GOC:di
GOC:go_curators
GOC:pr
Binding to a Bcl-2 homology (BH) protein domain. Bcl-2-related proteins share homology in one to four conserved regions designated the Bcl-2 homology (BH) domains BH1, BH2, BH3 and BH4. These domains contribute at multiple levels to the function of these proteins in cell death and survival. Anti-apoptotic members of the Bcl-2 family have four BH domains (BH1-BH4). Pro-apoptotic members have fewer BH domains.
Bcl-2 homology domain binding
molecular_function
GO:0051400
BH domain binding
Binding to a Bcl-2 homology (BH) protein domain. Bcl-2-related proteins share homology in one to four conserved regions designated the Bcl-2 homology (BH) domains BH1, BH2, BH3 and BH4. These domains contribute at multiple levels to the function of these proteins in cell death and survival. Anti-apoptotic members of the Bcl-2 family have four BH domains (BH1-BH4). Pro-apoptotic members have fewer BH domains.
PMID:11048732
PMID:12133724
PMID:9020082
PMID:9704409
Binding to a receptor for a peptide hormone.
polypeptide hormone receptor binding
molecular_function
GO:0051428
peptide hormone receptor binding
Binding to a receptor for a peptide hormone.
GOC:ai
Binding to a BH3 protein domain, present in Bcl-2 family members. The BH3 domain is a potent death domain and has an important role in protein-protein interactions and in cell death.
molecular_function
GO:0051434
BH3 domain binding
Binding to a BH3 protein domain, present in Bcl-2 family members. The BH3 domain is a potent death domain and has an important role in protein-protein interactions and in cell death.
PMID:11048732
PMID:12133724
PMID:9020082
PMID:9704409
Prosite:PS01259
Any process leading to the attainment of the full functional capacity of a protein.
biological_process
GO:0051604
protein maturation
Any process leading to the attainment of the full functional capacity of a protein.
GOC:ai
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimelyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine + di-trans,poly-cis-undecaprenyl phosphate = UMP + N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimelyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine-diphosphoundecaprenol.
ai
2010-07-06T12:10:01Z
EC:2.7.8.13
MetaCyc:PHOSNACMURPENTATRANS-RXN
RHEA:28386
molecular_function
GO:0051992
Note that EC classifies 'UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimelyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine:undecaprenyl-phosphate transferase activity ; GO:0051992' and 'phospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-pentapeptide-transferase activity ; GO:0008963' under the same EC number, EC:2.7.8.13.
UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimelyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine:undecaprenyl-phosphate transferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimelyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine + di-trans,poly-cis-undecaprenyl phosphate = UMP + N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimelyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine-diphosphoundecaprenol.
EC:2.7.8.13
MetaCyc:PHOSNACMURPENTATRANS-RXN
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + L-leucine = 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + L-glutamatic acid.
EC:2.6.1.42
KEGG_REACTION:R01090
MetaCyc:BRANCHED-CHAINAMINOTRANSFERLEU-RXN
L-leucine aminotransferase activity
molecular_function
GO:0052654
L-leucine transaminase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + L-leucine = 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + L-glutamatic acid.
EC:2.6.1.42
MetaCyc:BRANCHED-CHAINAMINOTRANSFERLEU-RXN
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + L-valine = 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoic acid + L-glutamatic acid.
EC:2.6.1.42
KEGG_REACTION:R01214
MetaCyc:BRANCHED-CHAINAMINOTRANSFERVAL-RXN
RHEA:24813
L-valine aminotransferase activity
molecular_function
GO:0052655
L-valine transaminase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + L-valine = 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoic acid + L-glutamatic acid.
EC:2.6.1.42
MetaCyc:BRANCHED-CHAINAMINOTRANSFERVAL-RXN
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + L-isoleucine = (S)-3-methyl-2-oxopentanoic acid + L-glutamic acid.
EC:2.6.1.42
KEGG_REACTION:R02199
MetaCyc:BRANCHED-CHAINAMINOTRANSFERILEU-RXN
RHEA:24801
L-isoleucine aminotransferase activity
molecular_function
GO:0052656
L-isoleucine transaminase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + L-isoleucine = (S)-3-methyl-2-oxopentanoic acid + L-glutamic acid.
EC:2.6.1.42
MetaCyc:BRANCHED-CHAINAMINOTRANSFERILEU-RXN
The lipid bilayer surrounding a virion.
cellular_component
GO:0055036
virion membrane
The lipid bilayer surrounding a virion.
GOC:jid
GOC:rph
PMID:213106
The process in which a solute is transported across a lipid bilayer, from one side of a membrane to the other.
tb
2015-10-21T13:22:47Z
GO:0090662
membrane transport
ATP hydrolysis coupled transmembrane transport
biological_process
GO:0055085
Transmembrane transport is the transport of a solute across a lipid bilayer. Note that transport through the nuclear pore complex is not transmembrane because the nuclear membrane is a double membrane and is not traversed. For transport through the nuclear pore, consider instead the term 'nucleocytoplasmic transport ; GO:0006913' and its children. Note also that this term is not intended for use in annotating lateral movement within membranes.
transmembrane transport
The process in which a solute is transported across a lipid bilayer, from one side of a membrane to the other.
GOC:dph
GOC:jid
A process which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a membrane. A membrane is a double layer of lipid molecules that encloses all cells, and, in eukaryotes, many organelles; may be a single or double lipid bilayer; also includes associated proteins.
jl
2010-02-08T02:43:11Z
GO:0016044
GO:0044802
cellular membrane organisation
cellular membrane organization
membrane organisation
biological_process
membrane organization and biogenesis
single-organism membrane organization
GO:0061024
membrane organization
A process which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a membrane. A membrane is a double layer of lipid molecules that encloses all cells, and, in eukaryotes, many organelles; may be a single or double lipid bilayer; also includes associated proteins.
GOC:dph
GOC:tb
membrane organisation
GOC:mah
membrane organization and biogenesis
GOC:mah
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of macromolecules to form a protein-containing complex.
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/22580
GO:0006461
GO:0034622
GO:0043623
cellular protein complex assembly
biological_process
cellular macromolecule complex assembly
cellular protein-containing complex assembly
chaperone activity
macromolecular complex assembly
macromolecule complex assembly
protein complex assembly
protein complex formation
GO:0065003
protein-containing complex assembly
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of macromolecules to form a protein-containing complex.
GOC:jl
Catalysis of the release of N-acylethanolamine from N-acyl-phosphatidylethanolamine (NAPE) to generate N-acylethanolamine (NAE).
EC:3.1.4.4
Reactome:R-HSA-2466831
N-acyl-phosphatidylethanolamine-specific phospholipase D activity
NAPE-specific phospholipase D activity
molecular_function
GO:0070290
N-acylphosphatidylethanolamine-specific phospholipase D activity
Catalysis of the release of N-acylethanolamine from N-acyl-phosphatidylethanolamine (NAPE) to generate N-acylethanolamine (NAE).
GOC:elh
PMID:14634025
PMID:15878693
Reactome:R-HSA-2466831
A2PE hydrolyses to A2E
Binding to thyroxine (T4) or triiodothyronine (T3), tyrosine-based hormones produced by the thyroid gland.
thyroxine binding
triiodothyronine binding
molecular_function
GO:0070324
thyroid hormone binding
Binding to thyroxine (T4) or triiodothyronine (T3), tyrosine-based hormones produced by the thyroid gland.
GOC:rph
thyroxine binding
GOC:mah
triiodothyronine binding
GOC:mah
Binding to a proteasome, a large multisubunit protein complex that catalyzes protein degradation.
mah
2009-05-01T04:38:58Z
molecular_function
GO:0070628
proteasome binding
Binding to a proteasome, a large multisubunit protein complex that catalyzes protein degradation.
GOC:mah
Binding to a Toll-Interleukin receptor (TIR) domain of a protein. The TIR domain is an intracellular 200 residue domain that is found in the Toll protein, the interleukin-1 receptor (IL-1R), and MyD88; it contains three highly-conserved regions, and mediates protein-protein interactions between the Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and signal-transduction components.
mah
2009-10-02T01:17:29Z
Toll-Interleukin receptor domain binding
molecular_function
GO:0070976
TIR domain binding
Binding to a Toll-Interleukin receptor (TIR) domain of a protein. The TIR domain is an intracellular 200 residue domain that is found in the Toll protein, the interleukin-1 receptor (IL-1R), and MyD88; it contains three highly-conserved regions, and mediates protein-protein interactions between the Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and signal-transduction components.
GOC:mah
InterPro:IPR000157
Toll-Interleukin receptor domain binding
InterPro:IPR000157
The process of removing one or more methyl groups from a molecule, involving the oxidation (i.e. electron loss) of one or more atoms in the substrate.
mah
2009-10-29T03:33:25Z
biological_process
GO:0070989
oxidative demethylation
The process of removing one or more methyl groups from a molecule, involving the oxidation (i.e. electron loss) of one or more atoms in the substrate.
GOC:BHF
GOC:mah
GOC:rl
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a xenobiotic, a compound foreign to the organism exposed to it. It may be synthesized by another organism (like ampicilin) or it can be a synthetic chemical.
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/19460
mah
2009-12-18T11:38:48Z
GO:0035690
biological_process
cellular response to drug
GO:0071466
cellular response to xenobiotic stimulus
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a xenobiotic, a compound foreign to the organism exposed to it. It may be synthesized by another organism (like ampicilin) or it can be a synthetic chemical.
GOC:krc
GOC:mah
A process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cell wall.
mah
2010-01-13T03:19:38Z
GO:0070882
cell wall organisation or biogenesis
cell wall organization or biogenesis at cellular level
cellular cell wall organisation or biogenesis
cellular cell wall organization or biogenesis
biological_process
GO:0071554
cell wall organization or biogenesis
A process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cell wall.
GOC:mah
cell wall organisation or biogenesis
GOC:mah
cell wall organization or biogenesis at cellular level
GOC:mah
cellular cell wall organisation or biogenesis
GOC:mah
A nitrogen compound metabolic process that contributes to the nitrogen cycle. The nitrogen cycle is a series of metabolic pathways by which nitrogen is converted between various forms and redox states; it encompasses pathways in which nitrogen is acted upon directly, such as nitrification, denitrification, nitrogen fixation, and mineralization.
mah
2010-09-30T05:21:03Z
Wikipedia:Nitrogen_cycle
biological_process
GO:0071941
nitrogen cycle metabolic process
A nitrogen compound metabolic process that contributes to the nitrogen cycle. The nitrogen cycle is a series of metabolic pathways by which nitrogen is converted between various forms and redox states; it encompasses pathways in which nitrogen is acted upon directly, such as nitrification, denitrification, nitrogen fixation, and mineralization.
GOC:mah
PMID:16675690
Wikipedia:Nitrogen_cycle
A mitotic cell cycle process comprising the steps by which the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell divides; the process involves condensation of chromosomal DNA into a highly compacted form. Canonically, mitosis produces two daughter nuclei whose chromosome complement is identical to that of the mother cell.
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/19910
pg
2017-03-23T14:44:23Z
mitosis
biological_process
GO:0140014
mitotic nuclear division
A mitotic cell cycle process comprising the steps by which the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell divides; the process involves condensation of chromosomal DNA into a highly compacted form. Canonically, mitosis produces two daughter nuclei whose chromosome complement is identical to that of the mother cell.
ISBN:0198547684
A molecular function characterized by the coupling of ATP hydrolysis to other steps of a reaction mechanism to make the reaction energetically favorable, for example to catalyze a reaction or drive transport against a concentration gradient.
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/21612
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/22371
pg
2021-06-15T07:35:06Z
ATP hydrolysis-dependent activity
ATPase activity
ATPase activity, coupled
ATPase-dependent activity
molecular_function
GO:0140657
Note that this term represents a grouping class that includes all proteins that use ATP hydrolysis to drive a reaction; it is not meant to capture the ATP hydrolysis reaction itself. To annotate ATP hydrolysis, please use 'ATP hydrolysis activity ; GO:0016887'.
ATP-dependent activity
A molecular function characterized by the coupling of ATP hydrolysis to other steps of a reaction mechanism to make the reaction energetically favorable, for example to catalyze a reaction or drive transport against a concentration gradient.
PMID:24878343
PMID:25750732
PMID:32933017
PMID:33818025
PMID:33873056
PMID:33988324
BFO:0000062
external
preceded_by
preceded_by
preceded by
BFO:0000063
external
precedes
precedes
precedes
cjm
2012-03-14T10:35:44Z
GOREL:0000040
external
results_in
results_in
This relation is currently used to connect two regulation processes p1 and p2, such that if r1 regulates p1 and r2 regulates p2, and r1 results_in r2 then the regulation of p1 is required for the regulation of p2. For an example of use, see GO:0035958 'regulation of glyoxylate cycle by regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter'. Note that a precise definition of this relation is under discussion. After it has been formalized it will be added to RO, where it will have a RO ID. Note that the existing identifier and label are subject to change.
results in
GOREL:0001019
external
results_in_division_of
results_in_division_of
use occurs_in
results in division of
GOREL:0002003
external
results_in_distribution_of
results_in_distribution_of
results in distribution of
GOREL:0002004
external
results_in_fission_of
results_in_fission_of
results in fission of
GOREL:0012006
external
results_in_maintenance_of
results_in_maintenance_of
results in maintenance of
RO:0000053
external
bearer_of
bearer_of
bearer of
RO:0000056
external
participates_in
participates_in
participates in
RO:0000057
external
has_participant
has_participant
has participant
RO:0002007
external
bounding_layer_of
bounding_layer_of
bounding layer of
RO:0002008
external
coincident_with
coincident_with
coincident with
RO:0002013
external
has_regulatory_component_activity
has_regulatory_component_activity
has regulatory component activity
RO:0002014
external
has_negative_regulatory_component_activity
has_negative_regulatory_component_activity
has negative regulatory component activity
RO:0002016
external
has_necessary_component_activity
has_necessary_component_activity
has necessary component activity
RO:0002087
external
immediately_preceded_by
immediately_preceded_by
immediately preceded by
RO:0002090
external
immediately_precedes
immediately_precedes
immediately precedes
RO:0002131
external
overlaps
overlaps
overlaps
RO:0002180
external
has_component
has_component
has component
RO:0002215
external
capable_of
capable_of
capable of
RO:0002216
external
capable_of_part_of
capable_of_part_of
capable of part of
RO:0002220
external
adjacent_to
adjacent_to
adjacent to
RO:0002224
external
starts_with
starts_with
starts with
RO:0002230
external
ends_with
ends_with
ends with
RO:0002231
external
has_start_location
has_start_location
has start location
RO:0002232
external
has_end_location
has_end_location
has end location
RO:0002233
external
has_input
has_input
has input
RO:0002234
external
has_output
has_output
has output
RO:0002295
external
results_in_developmental_progression_of
results_in_developmental_progression_of
results in developmental progression of
RO:0002296
external
results_in_development_of
results_in_development_of
results in development of
RO:0002297
external
results_in_formation_of
results_in_formation_of
results in formation of
RO:0002298
external
results_in_morphogenesis_of
results_in_morphogenesis_of
results in morphogenesis of
RO:0002299
external
results_in_maturation_of
results_in_maturation_of
results in maturation of
RO:0002304
external
causally_upstream_of,_positive_effect
causally_upstream_of,_positive_effect
causally upstream of, positive effect
RO:0002305
external
causally_upstream_of,_negative_effect
causally_upstream_of,_negative_effect
causally upstream of, negative effect
RO:0002315
external
results_in_acquisition_of_features_of
results_in_acquisition_of_features_of
results in acquisition of features of
RO:0002332
external
regulates_levels_of
regulates_levels_of
regulates levels of
RO:0002334
external
regulated_by
regulated_by
regulated by
RO:0002335
external
negatively_regulated_by
negatively_regulated_by
negatively regulated by
RO:0002336
external
positively_regulated_by
positively_regulated_by
positively regulated by
RO:0002338
external
has_target_start_location
has_target_start_location
has target start location
RO:0002339
external
has_target_end_location
has_target_end_location
has target end location
RO:0002341
external
results_in_transport_along
results_in_transport_along
results in transport along
RO:0002342
external
results_in_transport_across
results_in_transport_across
results in transport across
RO:0002343
external
results_in_growth_of
results_in_growth_of
results in growth of
RO:0002344
external
results_in_transport_to_from_or_in
results_in_transport_to_from_or_in
results in transport to from or in
RO:0002348
external
results_in_commitment_to
results_in_commitment_to
results in commitment to
RO:0002349
external
results_in_determination_of
results_in_determination_of
results in determination of
RO:0002353
external
output_of
output_of
output of
RO:0002355
external
results_in_structural_organization_of
results_in_structural_organization_of
results in structural organization of
RO:0002356
external
results_in_specification_of
results_in_specification_of
results in specification of
RO:0002404
external
causally_downstream_of
causally_downstream_of
causally downstream of
RO:0002405
external
immediately_causally_downstream_of
immediately_causally_downstream_of
immediately causally downstream of
RO:0002411
external
causally_upstream_of
causally_upstream_of
causally upstream of
RO:0002412
external
immediately_causally_upstream_of
immediately_causally_upstream_of
immediately causally upstream of
RO:0002418
external
causally_upstream_of_or_within
causally_upstream_of_or_within
causally upstream of or within
RO:0002427
external
causally_downstream_of_or_within
causally_downstream_of_or_within
causally downstream of or within
RO:0002505
external
has_intermediate
has_intermediate
has intermediate
RO:0002565
external
results_in_movement_of
results_in_movement_of
results in movement of
RO:0002578
external
directly_regulates
directly_regulates
directly regulates
RO:0002588
external
results_in_assembly_of
results_in_assembly_of
results in assembly of
RO:0002590
external
results_in_disassembly_of
results_in_disassembly_of
results in disassembly of
RO:0002591
external
results_in_remodeling_of
results_in_remodeling_of
results in remodeling of
RO:0002592
external
results_in_organization_of
results_in_organization_of
results in organization of
RO:0002608
external
process_has_causal_agent
process_has_causal_agent
process has causal agent
RO:0002629
external
directly_positively_regulates
directly_positively_regulates
directly positively regulates
RO:0002630
external
directly_negatively_regulates
directly_negatively_regulates
directly negatively regulates
RO:0003000
external
produces
produces
produces
RO:0003001
external
produced_by
produced_by
produced by
RO:0004007
external
has_primary_input_or_output
has_primary_input_or_output
has primary input or output
RO:0004008
external
has_primary_output
has_primary_output
has primary output
RO:0004009
external
has_primary_input
has_primary_input
has primary input
RO:0012001
external
has_small_molecule_activator
has_small_molecule_activator
has small molecule activator
RO:0012003
external
acts_on_population_of
acts_on_population_of
acts on population of
RO:0012008
external
results_in_fusion_of
results_in_fusion_of
results in fusion of
RO:0019000
gene_ontology
regulates_characteristic
regulates_characteristic
regulates characteristic
RO:0019001
gene_ontology
positively_regulates_characteristic
positively_regulates_characteristic
positively regulates characteristic
RO:0019002
gene_ontology
negatively_regulates_characteristic
negatively_regulates_characteristic
negatively regulates characteristic
RO:0040036
external
results_in_changes_to_anatomical_or_cellular_structure
results_in_changes_to_anatomical_or_cellular_structure
results in changes to anatomical or cellular structure